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This article presents a comprehensive review of the literature on the metabolomic studies on BC, highlighting metabolic pathways perturbed in this disease and the altered metabolites as potential biomarkers for BC detection. Current disease model systems used in the study of BC metabolome include <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\u2010cultured cancer cells, <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> neoplastic bladder tissues and biological fluids, mainly urine but also blood serum\/plasma, from BC patients. The major advantages and drawbacks of each model system are discussed. Based on available data, it seems that BC metabolic signature is mainly characterized by alterations in metabolites related to energy metabolic pathways, particularly glycolysis, amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, known to be crucial for cell proliferation, as well as glutathione metabolism, known to be determinant in maintaining cellular redox balance. In addition, purine and pyrimidine metabolism as well as carnitine species were found to be altered in BC. Finally, it is emphasized that, despite the progress made in respect to novel biomarkers for BC diagnosis, there are still some challenges and limitations that should be addressed in future metabolomic studies to ensure their translatability to clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,25]],"date-time":"2016-01-25T08:38:58Z","timestamp":1453711138000},"page":"256-268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Biomarkers in bladder cancer: A metabolomic approach using <i>in vitro<\/i> and <i>ex vivo<\/i> model systems"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\/REQUIMTE Laboratory of Toxicology Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Jer\u00f3nimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology &amp; Epigenetics 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