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Substitutability between sectors, scale effects, international IPRs protection and R&amp;D productivity determine the economic growth and the technological\u2010knowledge bias, which, in turn, affects relative prices and wages. Wages are higher in the Innovator, namely in the nontradable sector under strong substitutability. Technological\u2010knowledge and intra\u2010country wage inequality are biassed towards the tradable sector, the effect being reinforced by positive IPRs protection and substitutability. Real exchange rates accommodate the Balassa\u2010Samuelson proposal and increase with positive IPRs protection and substitutability. The effect of IPRs on the steady\u2010state growth rate is ambiguous, depending on the substitutability. Theoretical results are also influenced by labor movements and are confirmed by a calibrated exercise for 11 developed\/Innovator countries and 11 developing\/Follower countries, and by the empirical evidence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijfe.1899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T05:45:38Z","timestamp":1597038338000},"page":"2142-2176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The role of intellectual property rights in a directed technical change model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9597-9850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Afonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Economics University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"CEFUP and OBEGEF  Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics Public University of Navarre  Pamplona Spain"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-937X.00226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-937X.00242"},{"volume-title":"Introduction to modern economic growth","year":"2009","author":"Acemoglu D.","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/003355302753650355"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/00335530151144104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpolmod.2007.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10290-011-0109-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00036846.2020.1725233"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econlet.2009.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/003355300555411"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amiti M. &Davis D.R.2008.Trade firms and wages:Theory and evidence(NBER Working Paper No. W14106). 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