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At a sampling unit scale, substratum organic matter content, depth and the dominant size of substratum particles were correlated with numbers of taxa and individuals. We propose that the number of taxa at a small scale depends on the number of individuals, which in turn is the result of organic matter accumulation, hydrologic and substratum characteristics. The environmental parameters better explaining the large\u2010scale biological data were temperature, minimum size of substratum particles and pH. Regardless of the relative importance of variable types and mechanisms regulating stream invertebrates along the climatic gradient, rivers from the North and Centre appeared to be richer in taxa than the typically Mediterranean streams in the South.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/iroh.200310705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,23]],"date-time":"2004-04-23T11:03:41Z","timestamp":1082718221000},"page":"151-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Factors Affecting Macroinvertebrate Richness and Diversity in Portuguese Streams: a Two\u2010Scale Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Manuel A. 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