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ATP and ergosterol concentrations exhibited a significant positive correlation (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic> = 4.459, <jats:italic>DF<\/jats:italic> = 28, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) during the first stages of leaf breakdown (until day 39), <jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic>, during periods of increasing fungal biomass. No correlation was found between ATP and ergosterol concentrations during later stages of decomposition (days 39 to 102). Respiration rates increased rapidly up to 0.525 mg O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> h<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> g<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>1 <\/jats:sup>AFDM during the first month and remained high until the end of the experiment. Sporulation rates peaked at day 9 (1069 conidia day<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> mg<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> AFDM) and decreased during later stages of decomposition. ATP\u2010to\u2010biomass conversion factors were determined for both fungi (0.59 \u03bcmol ATP g<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> dry mass) and bacteria (1.30 \u03bcmol ATP g<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> dry mass) collected from the stream and grown in the laboratory. Estimates of fungal biomass based on ATP concentrations were similar to those calculated from ergosterol concentrations during the first 39 days of breakdown. The results here presented suggest that ATP is a reliable method to quantify microbial biomass in streams and that the relative importance of bacteria increases at later stages of decomposition. (\u00a9 2009 WILEY\u2010VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/iroh.200811093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,3]],"date-time":"2009-03-03T11:01:15Z","timestamp":1236078075000},"page":"3-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["ATP and Ergosterol as Indicators of Fungal Biomass during Leaf Decomposition in Streams: a Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Manuela","family":"Abelho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1003532921432"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2001.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abelho M. 2005:Extraction and quantification of ATP as a measure of microbial biomass. \u2013In: Gra\u00e7a M. A. S. F. B\u00e4rlocher and M. 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