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This study investigated BPA\u2010induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in thyroid cell lines, including normal follicular (Nthy\u2010ori 3\u20101), papillary carcinoma (TPC\u20101 and BCPAP) and anaplastic carcinoma (8505C) cells, including exposure to the specific migration limit (SML) established by Brazilian regulations (1\u2009\u03bcg\/mL). Cells were exposed for 24 and 48\u2009h, and membrane integrity, metabolic activity, and DNA damage were assessed using trypan blue exclusion, CCK\u20108, and comet assays, respectively. Nthy\u2010ori 3\u20101 exhibited non\u2010monotonic cytotoxicity, with 60% mortality at the SML (24\u2009h). The 8505C line displayed notable resistance to membrane damage at high concentrations but was highly sensitive to genotoxicity, which intensified after BPA exposure and may be related to TP53 mutations. The SML dose caused significant DNA damage in normal cells, whereas papillary lines were less affected. These findings demonstrate cell\u2010context\u2010dependent BPA effects and suggest that current regulatory thresholds may not adequately protect thyroid health, particularly in individuals with pre\u2010existing thyroid conditions. BPA's impact involves both metabolic disruption and impaired DNA repair pathways, supporting its potential carcinogenicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T08:04:39Z","timestamp":1773302679000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bisphenol A Induces DNA Damage and Differential Cytotoxicity in Thyroid Cells: High\u2010Dose Effects Challenge Regulatory Thresholds"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3154-0192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela Fernanda Dal'","family":"B\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine School of Medical Sciences\u2010State University of Campinas  Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1556-8913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nat\u00e1ssia\u00a0Elena","family":"Bufalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine School of Medical Sciences\u2010State University of Campinas  Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Medicine S\u00e3o Leopoldo Mandic and Research Center  Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Max Planck University Center  Indaiatuba S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8631-8356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valdemar","family":"M\u00e1ximo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup)  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP)  Porto Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1601-3220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura\u00a0Sterian","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine School of Medical Sciences\u2010State University of Campinas  Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Ag\u00eancia Nacional de Vigil\u00e2ncia Sanit\u00e1ria.2012.Resolu\u00e7\u00e3o da Diretoria Colegiada \u2013 RDC n\u00b0 56 de 16 de Novembro de 2012. 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