{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:56:57Z","timestamp":1791244617526,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001866","name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001866","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018818","name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preservation of executive function is vital for independence and dementia prevention, yet the physical performance levels at which age\u2010related executive vulnerability becomes detectable remain uncertain. This study examined whether gait speed, handgrip strength and leg muscle power influence the relationship between age and executive function in older adults at increased dementia risk and assessed how sex and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden affect this relationship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional analysis of 920 community\u2010dwelling older adults (aged 60\u201385) at high dementia risk, enrolled in the CITA GO\u2010ON trial. Executive function was measured by the Trail Making Test (TMT B minus A) and the Stroop interference score. Physical performance included gait speed, handgrip strength and peak leg muscle power. Moderation analyses tested whether physical performance moderated the age\u2013executive function association, adjusting for sex, socioeconomic status, depressive symptoms, cardiometabolic conditions, BMI and smoking; three\u2010way interactions tested sex effects. The Johnson\u2013Neyman technique identified regions of significance, the range of performance values over which the age\u2013executive function association was statistically detectable. Sensitivity analyses included cognitively healthy participants and WMH adjustment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The average (SD) age was 69.5 (6.2) years; 48.4% were female, and average education was 13.0 (4.5) years. At baseline, 63 participants (6.8%) had mild cognitive impairment. Gait speed (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.27,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), handgrip strength (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.08,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and peak leg muscle power (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.007,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) moderated the age\u2013executive function link. Johnson\u2013Neyman regions\u2010of\u2010significance were located in the upper range of the performance distribution. For TMT B minus A, the age\u2013executive function association was statistically detectable below gait speed 1.83\u2009m\/s, handgrip 48.8\u2009kg and leg power 438\u2009W (1.0%\u20134.8% of participants), whereas for Stroop interference the corresponding values were lower (gait 1.68\u2009m\/s, handgrip 43.9\u2009kg, leg power 366\u2009W; up to 15.9% of participants). In sex\u2010stratified analyses, gait speed moderated the age\u2013executive function association for TMT B minus A in males and for Stroop interference in females. WMH burden was not independently associated with executive function.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In older adults at increased dementia risk, higher physical performance was associated with a weaker relationship between age and executive function, independent of socioeconomic, emotional, body composition and cardiovascular factors. This moderation was most consistent for gait speed, with a sex pattern that differed by outcome. Longitudinal studies are needed to test whether maintaining high physical performance helps preserve executive function and inform preventive strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:30:21Z","timestamp":1791243021000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physical Performance Moderates the Association Between Age and Executive Function in Older Adults at Elevated Risk of Dementia: Cross\u2010Sectional Analysis From the CITA GO\u2010ON Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Imanol","family":"Reparaz\u2010Escudero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN)\u2010Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA  Pamplona Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Research and Memory Clinic CITA\u2010Alzheimer 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