{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T22:42:37Z","timestamp":1785278557621,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006093","name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral nirmatrelvir\/ritonavir is approved as treatment for acute COVID\u201019, but the effect of treatment during acute infection on risk of Long COVID is unknown. We hypothesized that nirmatrelvir treatment during acute SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection reduces risk of developing Long COVID and rebound after treatment is associated with Long COVID. We conducted an observational cohort study within the Covid Citizen Science (CCS) study, an online cohort study with over 100\u2009000 participants. We included vaccinated, nonhospitalized, nonpregnant individuals who reported their first SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 positive test March\u2013August 2022. Oral nirmatrelvir\/ritonavir treatment was ascertained during acute SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection. Patient\u2010reported Long COVID symptoms, symptom rebound and test\u2010positivity rebound were asked on subsequent surveys at least 3 months after SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection. A total of 4684 individuals met the eligibility criteria, of whom 988 (21.1%) were treated and 3696 (78.9%) were untreated; 353\/988 (35.7%) treated and 1258\/3696 (34.0%) untreated responded to the Long COVID survey (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091611). Among 1611 participants, median age was 55 years and 66% were female. At 5.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3 months after infection, nirmatrelvir treatment was not associated with subsequent Long COVID symptoms (odds ratio [OR]: 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80\u20131.64; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.45). Among 666 treated who answered rebound questions, rebound symptoms or test positivity were not associated with Long COVID symptoms (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 0.74\u20132.41; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.33). Within this cohort of vaccinated, nonhospitalized individuals, oral nirmatrelvir treatment during acute SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection and rebound after nirmatrelvir treatment were not associated with Long COVID symptoms more than 90 days after infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T15:00:36Z","timestamp":1704380436000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Association of nirmatrelvir for acute SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection with subsequent Long COVID symptoms in an observational cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7612-3352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Durstenfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology at ZSFG, Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Peluso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV, Infectious Disease, &amp; Global Medicine UCSF  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics UCSF  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah D.","family":"Peyser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics UCSF  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Isasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine  New York City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Carton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana Public Health Institute  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Henrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine UCSF  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven G.","family":"Deeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV, Infectious Disease, &amp; Global Medicine UCSF  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey E.","family":"Olgin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine UCSF  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Pletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics UCSF  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis L.","family":"Beatty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Medicine UCSF  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory M.","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine UCSF  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscilla Y.","family":"Hsue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology at ZSFG, Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00703-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1147549"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05542-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac722"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2022.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26350"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PelusoMJ SwankZN GoldbergSA et al.Plasma\u2010based antigen persistence in the post\u2010acute phase of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection.medRxiv. Preprint posted online October 26 2023.doi:10.1101\/2023.10.24.23297114","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.10.24.23297114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PelusoMJ RyderD FlavellR et al.Multimodal molecular imaging reveals tissue\u2010based T cell activation and viral RNA persistence for up to 2 years following COVID\u201019.medRxiv. Preprint posted online July 31 2023.doi:10.1101\/2023.07.27.23293177","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.07.27.23293177"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2118542"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20411\/pai.v7i1.518"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1003103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GengLN BonillaHF ShaferRW MiglisMG YangPC.The use of nirmatrelvir\u2010ritonavir in a case of breakthrough long COVID.Explor Res Hypothesis Med. Published online January 13 2023.doi:10.14218\/ERHM.2022.00045","DOI":"10.14218\/ERHM.2022.00045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.0743"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-3565"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-46912-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/28169"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv254"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"Administration FaD. Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers In:2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","unstructured":"Pfizer Reports Additional Data on PAXLOVID\u2122 Supporting Upcoming New Drug Application Submission to U.S. FDA [press release].2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac443"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-2141"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100602"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2022.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00507-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HansenK MakkarSR SahnerD et al.Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir\/ritonavir) effectiveness against hospitalization and death in N3C: a target trial emulation study.medRxiv. Preprint posted online June 3 2023.doi:10.1101\/2023.05.26.23290602","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.05.26.23290602"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28497"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28443"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PatelR DaniS KhadkeS et al.Incidence of symptoms associated with post\u2010acute sequelae of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection in non\u2010hospitalized vaccinated patients receiving Nirmatrelvir\u2010Ritonavir.medRxiv. Preprint posted online April 6 2023.doi:10.1101\/2023.04.05.23288196","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4415655"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.45086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac481"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-1756"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.07.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51498"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.29333","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T23:19:12Z","timestamp":1743895152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.29333"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.29333"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.29333","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e29333"}}