{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T11:20:57Z","timestamp":1769167257023,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,20]],"date-time":"2013-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Basic Microbiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Biofilm formation is recognized as the main virulence factor in a variety of chronic infections. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> evaluation of biofilm formation is often achieved by quantification of viable or total cells. However, these methods depend on biofilm disruption, which is often achieved by vortexing or sonication. In this study, we investigated the effects of sonication on the elimination of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic> cell clusters from biofilms grown over time, and quantification was performed by three distinct analytical techniques. Even when a higher number of sonication cycles was used, some stable cell clusters remained in the samples obtained from 48\u2010 and 72\u2010h\u2010old biofilms, interfering with the quantification of sessile bacteria by plate counting. On the other hand, the fluorescence microscopy automatic counting system allowed proper quantification of biofilm samples that had undergone any of the described sonication cycles, suggesting that this is a more accurate method for assessing the cell concentration in <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic> biofilms, especially in mature biofilms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.201200603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,20]],"date-time":"2013-05-20T09:27:18Z","timestamp":1369042038000},"page":"750-757","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Optimization of an automatic counting system for the quantification of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/i> cells in biofilms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Ana Isabel","family":"Freitas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IBB \u2013 Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar Braga Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS\u2010UP \u2013 Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Santo Ant\u00f3nio Centro Hospitalar do Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Vilanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2010UP \u2013 Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Cerca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBB \u2013 Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar Braga Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-011-0296-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05321-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1318"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01565-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00230-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001133"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.54.1.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.8.2624-2633.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(00)00122-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2007.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(95)53040-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.9.2879-2886.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-010-9788-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.30552"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"487","article-title":"Detection of biofilm formation among the isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis by modified microtiter\u2010plate test","volume":"19","author":"Haque N.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mymensingh Med. 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