{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:03:48Z","timestamp":1773187428919,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["443285\/2023\u20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["443285\/2023\u20103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["308314\/2025\u20105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["308314\/2025\u20105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["441181\/2023\u20106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["441181\/2023\u20106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Finance Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant E\u201026\/200.424\/2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant E\u201026\/200.424\/2026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.11960.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.11960.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.09185.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.09185.PTDC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Climatology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The year 2024 was classified by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) as the hottest on record, both globally and in Brazil. In the Pantanal, exceptional heat waves and intense droughts led to an early onset of the fire season in June, marked by high fire severity and large burned areas. Although the Pantanal has been increasingly affected by combined drought and heat events, the influence of these climatic extremes on fire activity and the associated atmospheric circulation patterns is not well understood. This study assesses the conditions prior to the fire and the simultaneous occurrence of heat waves and droughts based on satellite data and climate indices; 2024 was identified as the most severe drought year over the 1980\u20132024 period, where virtually the entire biome reached exceptional drought levels. Heat waves were accompanied by significant precipitation and soil moisture deficits, along with the absence of the flood pulse in the rivers, reinforcing the compound nature of the 2024 extreme events. Synoptic conditions revealed patterns favourable to persistent warming and intensified drought, while fire risk indices exceeded the 99th percentile. These results highlight the need for a holistic approach when analysing the climatic factors driving fires, thereby advancing understanding of compound events and supporting public policies aimed at both mitigating and adapting to the impacts of climate extremes in the Pantanal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.70312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T04:35:07Z","timestamp":1773117307000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dry\u2013Hot Compound Events Driving the 2024 Pantanal Wildfires"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0319-1784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liz B. C.","family":"Bel\u00e9m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Meteorologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5995-5893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronaldo","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Meteorologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6820-6935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo F.","family":"Peres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Meteorologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8680-1244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippe L. M.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de \u00c9vora, Center for sci\u2010tech Research in EArth sysTem and Energy (CREATE)  \u00c9vora Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0525-9516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia A.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Meteorologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1016-8846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas S.","family":"Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Meteorologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0410-2971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia S.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of the Environment, Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4183-9852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo M.","family":"Trigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Meteorologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), University of Lisbon  Campo Grande Lisbon Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1699-9886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos C.","family":"DaCamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), University of Lisbon  Campo Grande Lisbon Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0042-2441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), University of Lisbon  Campo Grande Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"CEF \u2010 Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon  Lisbon Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2110-4891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Geirinhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydro\u2010Climate Extremes Lab Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4554-9369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geraldo A. Damasceno","family":"Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Ecologia, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul  Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5635-0622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio O.","family":"Roque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Ecologia, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul  Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo SP Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1877-2688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M. B.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Meteorologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7570-1993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Libonati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Meteorologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), University of Lisbon  Campo Grande Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"CEF \u2010 Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon  Lisbon Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Alarmes.2024.\u201cALARMES\u2010Alerta de \u00e1rea queimada com monitoramento estimado por sat\u00e9lite 2024. Laborat\u00f3rio de Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de Sat\u00e9lites Ambientais do Departamento de Meteorologia da UFRJ.\u201dhttps:\/\/alarmes.lasa.ufrj.br\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1809-4422asoc201701891vu2019l3ao","article-title":"Threats to the Biodiversity of the Brazilian Pantanal due to Land Use and Occupation","volume":"22","author":"Alho C. J. R.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ambiente & Sociedade"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.3390\/ani2040591","article-title":"Effects of Severe Floods and Droughts on Wildlife of the Pantanal Wetland (Brazil)\u2014A Review","volume":"2","author":"Alho C. J. R.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41748\u2010021\u201000233\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S1040-6182(03)00039-9","article-title":"Quaternary of the Pantanal, West\u2010Central Brazil","volume":"114","author":"Assine M. L.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Quaternary International"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.7142"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"Barnes C. F. L.Santos R.Libonati et\u00a0al.2024.\u201cHot Dry and Windy Conditions That Drove Devastating Pantanal Wildfires 40% More Intense due to Climate Change Online.\u201dhttp:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10044\/1\/113726."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2022RG000780"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"Anais do XXI Simp\u00f3sio Brasileiro de Sensoriamento Remoto","author":"Bel\u00e9m L. B. C.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.126190","article-title":"Brazil on Fire: Igniting Awareness of the 2024 Wildfire Crisis","volume":"389","author":"B\u00e9llo Carvalho R.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-020-0085-3","article-title":"Vegetation Fires in the Anthropocene","volume":"1","author":"Bowman D. M. J. S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Earth & Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-01980-6","article-title":"Decadal Hydroclimatic Changes in the Pantanal, the World's Largest Tropical Wetland","volume":"15","author":"Caballero C. B.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.155386","article-title":"Increased Burned Area in the Pantanal Over the Past Two Decades","volume":"835","author":"Correa D. B.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-89372-8_10","volume-title":"Fire in the South American\u00a0Ecosystems","author":"Damasceno Junior G. A.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-83375-6","volume-title":"Flora and Vegetation of the Pantanal Wetland. Plant and Vegetation","author":"Damasceno\u2010Junior G. A.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvs.70044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.7831"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13157\u2010023\u201001691\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07512-y","article-title":"2023 Summer Warmth Unparalleled Over the Past 2,000\u2009Years","volume":"631","author":"Esper J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adg1213","article-title":"A Multiyear Tropical Pacific Cooling Response to Recent Australian Wildfires in CESM2","volume":"9","author":"Fasullo J. T.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-024-01654-7","article-title":"South America Is Becoming Warmer, Drier, and More Flammable","author":"Feron S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Communications Earth & Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.08.018","article-title":"Fuel Load Mapping in the Brazilian Cerrado in Support of Integrated Fire Management","volume":"217","author":"Franke J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09515-z","article-title":"The Influence of Soil Dry\u2010Out on the Record\u2010Breaking Hot 2013\/2014 Summer in Southeast Brazil","volume":"12","author":"Geirinhas J. L.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/s41612-023-00510-3","article-title":"Combined Large\u2010Scale Tropical and Subtropical Forcing on the Severe 2019\u20132022 Drought in South America","volume":"6","author":"Geirinhas J. L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748\u20109326\/abe0eb"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2015.11.023","article-title":"The Outstanding Synergy Between Drought, Heatwaves and Fuel on the 2007 Southern Greece Exceptional Fire Season","volume":"218","author":"Gouveia C. M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hart R. E. andR. H.Grumm.2001.\u201cUsing Normalized Climatological Anomalies to Rank Synoptic\u2010Scale Events Objectively.\u201dhttps:\/\/journals.ametsoc.org\/view\/journals\/mwre\/129\/9\/1520\u20100493_2001_129_2426_uncatr_2.0.co_2.xml.","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(2001)129<2426:UNCATR>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos12111462","article-title":"Comparison of Reanalysis and Observational Precipitation Datasets Including ERA5 and WFDE5","volume":"12","author":"Hassler B.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748\u20109326\/ab4ffe"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-025-00661-2","article-title":"Extreme Terrestrial Heat in 2024","volume":"6","author":"Jha R.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Earth & Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2020RG000726"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5377","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-17-5377-2025","article-title":"State of Wildfires 2024\u20132025","volume":"17","author":"Kelley D. I.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Earth System Science Data"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-025-00663-0","article-title":"Wildfires in 2024","volume":"6","author":"Kolden C. A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Earth & Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05130-0","article-title":"Changes in Land Use Enhance the Sensitivity of Tropical Ecosystems to Fire\u2010Climate Extremes","volume":"12","author":"Kumar S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s44304-025-00124-0","article-title":"Substantial Increase in Wildfire Danger Conditions Under Anthropogenic Climate Change in Southwest France","volume":"2","author":"Lanet M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Npj Natural Hazards"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.5194\/esd-12-197-2021","article-title":"Rankings of Extreme and Widespread Dry and Wet Events in the Iberian Peninsula Between 1901 and 2016","volume":"12","author":"Liberato M. L. R.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Earth System Dynamics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-03464-1","article-title":"Rescue Brazil's Burning Pantanal Wetlands","volume":"588","author":"Libonati R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14887"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748\u20109326\/ac462e"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","unstructured":"Libonati R. J. A.Rodrigues F. L. M.Santos et\u00a0al.2025.\u201cSistema ALARMES \u2013 \u00c1rea queimada nos biomas Pantanal Cerrado e Amaz\u00f4nia situa\u00e7\u00e3o final de 2024 Laborat\u00f3rio de Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de Sat\u00e9lites Ambientais.\u201dResearchGate.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.2.15573.33766."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11273\u2010023\u201009965\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fclim.2025.1529082\/full"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frwa.2021.639204\/full"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/cr01324"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","unstructured":"Marinha do Brasil.2025.\u201cAlturas Anteriores dos Rios.\u201dLad\u00e1rio.https:\/\/www.marinha.mil.br\/chn\u20106\/alturaAnterioresRios."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2024.107411","article-title":"Fire\u2010Sensitive and Threatened Plants in the Upper Paraguay River Basin, Brazil: Identifying Priority Areas for Integrated Fire Management and Ecological Restoration","volume":"209","author":"Martins P. I.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecological Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2021.106517","article-title":"Prioritising Areas for Wildfire Prevention and Post\u2010Fire Restoration in the Brazilian Pantanal","volume":"176","author":"Martins P. I.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecological Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1422945112"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153021","article-title":"Lightning Patterns in the Pantanal: Untangling Natural and Anthropogenic\u2010Induced Wildfires","volume":"820","author":"Menezes L. S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/s44304-024-00031-w","article-title":"Compound Dry\u2010Hot\u2010Fire Events Connecting Central and Southeastern South America: An Unapparent and Deadly Ripple Effect","volume":"1","author":"Monteiro Dos Santos D.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Npj Natural Hazards"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","unstructured":"Morales C. A. J. R.Neves andE. M.Anselmo.2011.\u201cSferics Timing and Ranging Network\u2010Starnet: Evaluation Over South America.\u201dInProceedings of the 14th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity\u2010ICAE Rio de Janeiro Brazil."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4349","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-13-4349-2021","article-title":"ERA5\u2010Land: A State\u2010of\u2010the\u2010Art Global Reanalysis Dataset for Land Applications","volume":"13","author":"Mu\u00f1oz\u2010Sabater J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Earth System Science Data"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.15394"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2019.12.014","article-title":"A Deep Learning Approach for Mapping and Dating Burned Areas Using Temporal Sequences of Satellite Images","volume":"160","author":"Pinto M. M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecon.2021.06.005","article-title":"Understanding Brazil's Catastrophic Fires: Causes, Consequences and Policy Needed to Prevent Future Tragedies","volume":"19","author":"Pivello V. R.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11273\u2010005\u20101754\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.106141","article-title":"The Compound Event That Triggered the Destructive Fires of October 2017 in Portugal","volume":"26","author":"Ramos A. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asl2.507"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41612-022-00248-4","article-title":"Global Increase in Wildfire Potential From Compound Fire Weather and Drought","volume":"5","author":"Richardson D.","year":"2022","journal-title":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70544"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-021-01869-0","article-title":"Climate Change Made North America's Deadly Heatwave 150 Times More Likely","author":"Schiermeier Q.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.12.008","article-title":"The New VIIRS 375 m Active Fire Detection Data Product: Algorithm Description and Initial Assessment","volume":"143","author":"Schroeder W.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28835-2","article-title":"Spatial and Temporal Expansion of Global Wildland Fire Activity in Response to Climate Change","volume":"13","author":"Senande\u2010Rivera M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2023.106937","article-title":"Extratropical Impacts on the 2020\u20132023 Triple\u2010Dip La Ni\u00f1a Event","volume":"294","author":"Shi L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmospheric Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116193","article-title":"Heatwaves and Fire in Pantanal: Historical and Future Perspectives From CORDEX\u2010CORE","volume":"323","author":"Silva P. S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2024.103818","article-title":"Joining Forces to Fight Wildfires: Science and Management in a Protected Area of Pantanal, Brazil","volume":"159","author":"Silva P. S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Policy"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wace.2023.100569","article-title":"Regionalisation of Heat Waves in Southern South America","volume":"40","author":"Suli S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Weather and Climate Extremes"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02844-5","article-title":"Distance Sampling Surveys Reveal 17 Million Vertebrates Directly Killed by the 2020's Wildfires in the Pantanal, Brazil","volume":"11","author":"Tomas W. M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179869","article-title":"Changes in the Aridity Index Across Brazilian Biomes","volume":"989","author":"Tomasella J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","volume-title":"Development and Structure of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System","author":"Van Wagner C. E.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","unstructured":"Vicente\u2010Serrano S. M. F.Dom\u00ednguez\u2010Castro F.Reig B.Latorre andS.Beguer\u00eda.2023.\u201cSPEICropDroughtMonitor [Dataset]; CSIC\u2014Instituto Pirenaico de Ecolog\u00eda (IPE); CSIC\u2014Estaci\u00f3n Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD).\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.20350\/digitalCSIC\/15469."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1207068110"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-020-0554-z","article-title":"ERA5\u2010Based Global Meteorological Wildfire Danger Maps","volume":"7","author":"Vitolo C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Data"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167751","article-title":"The End of an Entire Biome? World's Largest Wetland, the Pantanal, Is Menaced by the Hidrovia Project Which Is Uncertain to Sustainably Support Large\u2010Scale Navigation","volume":"908","author":"Wantzen K. M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","unstructured":"WMO\u2014World Meteorological Organization.2025.\u201cState of the Global Climate 2024.\u201dReport No. WMO\u2010No. 1368."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao T. andA.Dai.2022.\u201cCMIP6 Model\u2010Projected Hydroclimatic and Drought Changes and Their Causes in the Twenty\u2010First Century.\u201dhttps:\/\/journals.ametsoc.org\/view\/journals\/clim\/35\/3\/JCLI\u2010D\u201021\u20100442.1.xml.","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-21-0442.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-020-0060-z","article-title":"A Typology of Compound Weather and Climate Events","volume":"1","author":"Zscheischler J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Earth & Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-025-00657-y","article-title":"Compound Weather and Climate Events in 2024","volume":"6","author":"Zscheischler J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Earth & Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-018-0156-3","article-title":"Future Climate Risk From Compound Events","volume":"8","author":"Zscheischler J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Climate Change"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Climatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/joc.70312","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/joc.70312","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/joc.70312","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T04:35:41Z","timestamp":1773117341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/joc.70312"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/joc.70312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/joc.70312","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-8418","1097-0088"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-8418","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0088","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70312"}}