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Bodenk."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Growth, activity of antioxidant enzymes viz. glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and some metabolic processes related to ammonium metabolism were investigated in a salt\u2010tolerant <jats:italic>Spatina alterniflora.<\/jats:italic> In comparison to 0 mM\u2013NaCl treatment, growth of <jats:italic>S. alterniflora<\/jats:italic> plant increased significantly at 200 mM NaCl, but was highly inhibited at 500\u00a0mM NaCl. Ammonium concentration in the leaves and roots increased 2.1\u20133.4 times when plants were treated with 500 mM NaCl. Under 200 mM NaCl, antioxidant\u2010enzyme activities increased, however, at 500 mM the antioxidant system was unable to compensate reactive oxygen species induced by NaCl. At this high level of salinity, ammonium production through nitrate reductase (NR) was inhibited, but no significant changes in the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) or glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were found. We conclude that the accumulation of ammonium under high salt stress was not due to inhibition of the assimilatory activities of GS or GDH. Ammonia accumulation under high salinity may result from amino acid and protein catabolism activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and\/or a lack of carbon skeletons to incorporate ammonium into organic molecules due to a decrease in photosynthetic activity in salt\u2010stressed plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpln.200800315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,25]],"date-time":"2009-11-25T10:42:20Z","timestamp":1259145740000},"page":"851-860","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Do reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by NaCl contribute to ammonium accumulation in <i>Spartina alterniflora<\/i>?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Kamel","family":"Hessini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mhemmed","family":"Gandour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abdelaziz","family":"Soltani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chedly","family":"Abdelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2001.412372x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2005.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50881-X","article-title":"A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase.","volume":"195","author":"Beers R. 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