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Soil Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of sulfuric acid (SA) to acidify biochars is known to enhance their phosphorus (P) fertilizer value. Potentially, biological approaches such as lowering the pH of biochar by lactic acid co\u2010fermentation or applying biochar with a nitrification inhibitor (NI) to reduce rhizosphere pH are an alternative to SA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the two methods for increasing plant P availability from two biochars and compare them with SA\u2010treated biochars (as a reference) in a pot experiment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Meat and bone meal biochar (MB\u2010C) and digestate solids biochar (DS\u2010C) were bio\u2010acidified (BA) by lactic acid fermentation with organic waste. The untreated, SA\u2010treated, BA biochars, and biochars co\u2010applied with a NI (3,4\u2010dimethylpyrazolephosphate) were tested in a pot experiment with maize.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The fermentation reduced the pH of the organic waste biochar mixtures to &lt;4.3 and increased water\u2010extractable P (WEP) to 30% of total P. The untreated biochars had a mineral fertilizer replacement value of &gt;50% and SA increased replacement values to \u2248100%. The application of NI did not affect rhizosphere pH or P uptake. The BA MB\u2010C increased soil solution P concentration, but P uptake did not significantly increase. The application of the BA DS\u2010C raised soil pH and reduced plant P uptake and biomass.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The untreated biochars showed considerable P fertilizer effectiveness, suggesting that acidification may not always be necessary. Rhizosphere acidification and the bio\u2010acidification of biochars were not effective in further increasing P uptake, despite higher levels of WEP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jpln.202300404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T18:23:25Z","timestamp":1722018205000},"page":"737-747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Enhancing phosphorus availability in biochar: Comparing sulfuric acid treatment to biological acidification approaches"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"187","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3070-6488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Kopp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Science University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1311-4088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iria","family":"Regueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Science University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1446-2084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Stoumann\u2010Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Science University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7921-4471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorette","family":"M\u00fcller\u2010St\u00f6ver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Science University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6101-9210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Fangueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF Research center Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2020.1827301"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-016-3008-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2015.1116612"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.11.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2018.05.0181"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201038697\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.04.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201045693\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013351617532"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-1658-2"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Chemical solubility and agricultural performance of P\u2010containing recycling fertilizers","volume":"60","author":"Kratz S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Landbauforschung V\u00f6lkenrode"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.08.199"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eja.2023.126967"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00380768.2013.806205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2020.10.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpln.201800553"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture9060120"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004783431055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.121443"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.10.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","unstructured":"R Development Core Team. 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