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Determination of the manufacturing processes, material characterization of ground\/priming layer, and pigment layers were the scopes of this study.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Knowledge of Goan painting materials at this epoch is an almost unknown issue. For this study, cross sections were analyzed by micro\u2010Raman spectroscopy to identify core materials, complemented to other techniques: optical microscopy, Energy Dispersive X\u2010ray Fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy\u2010energy dispersive spectroscopy, and micro\u2010Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Paintings were also examined by infrared reflectography.<\/jats:p><jats:p>By scrutinizing this painting, scientific confirmation on materials and technique was achieved, and the comparison with two other paintings, one Goan (P2) and another Portuguese (P3), from the same period and under the same theme was established.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results allowed identification and origin of paintings under study, considered as a Goan feature by art history, bringing also new data for painting conservation decision making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.5549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]],"date-time":"2019-01-04T17:55:12Z","timestamp":1546624512000},"page":"161-174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Scrutinizing <i>Ecce Homo<\/i>: European or Indian painting? Assessment by Raman and complementary spectroscopic techniques"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7240-6956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Antunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ARTIS\u2010IHA\/FLUL\u2010Instituto Hist\u00f3ria da Arte, Faculdade de Letras Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"LIBPhys\u2010UNL, Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o, Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia Universidade Nova de Lisboa  Caparica Portugal"}]},{"given":"Vitor","family":"Serr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARTIS\u2010IHA\/FLUL\u2010Instituto Hist\u00f3ria da Arte, Faculdade de Letras Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Candeias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio HERCULES, Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia Universidade de \u00c9vora  \u00c9vora Portugal"},{"name":"Chemical Department Laborat\u00f3rio Jos\u00e9 de Figueiredo, Direc\u00e7\u00e3o\u2010Geral do Patrim\u00f3nio Cultural (LJF\u2010DGPC)  Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Mir\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio HERCULES, Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia Universidade de \u00c9vora  \u00c9vora Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio HERCULES, Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia Universidade de \u00c9vora  \u00c9vora Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIBPhys\u2010UNL, Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o, Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia Universidade Nova de Lisboa  Caparica Portugal"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Art History Department Museum of Christian Art, Convent of Santa Monica  Old Goa India"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Manso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIBPhys\u2010UNL, Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o, Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia Universidade Nova de Lisboa  Caparica Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Belas\u2010Artes Universidade de Lisboa, Largo da Academia Nacional de Belas\u2010Artes  Lisboa Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Museu de Arte Sacra Indo\u2010Portuguesa de Rachol","year":"2003","author":"Matias M. 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