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Intact RVs and their degradation components (envelope protein\u2010free vectors and solubilized vector components) were adsorbed to this matrix and eluted using a linear gradient. Envelope protein\u2010free RVs (Env<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>) and soluble envelope proteins (gp70) eluted in a significantly lower range of conductivities than intact RVs (Env<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) (13.7\u201330 mS\/cm for Env<jats:sup>\u2013 <\/jats:sup>and gp70 proteins <jats:italic>vs. <\/jats:italic>47\u201380 mS\/cm for Env<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>). The zeta (\u03b6)\u2010potential of Env<jats:sup>+ <\/jats:sup>and Env<jats:sup>\u2013 <\/jats:sup>vectors was evaluated showing that envelope proteins define the p<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic> of the viral particles (p<jats:italic>I <\/jats:italic>(Env<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) &lt; 2 <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> 3 &lt; p<jats:italic>I <\/jats:italic>(Env<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>) &lt; 4) and that Env<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and Env<jats:sup>\u2013 <\/jats:sup>vectors have similar \u03b6\u2010potentials within pH 5 and 8. The results presented herein indicate that the adsorption of retroviral particles occurs through multi\u2010point interaction of the envelope proteins with the cationic groups on the chromatographic matrix. The strength of this adsorption is thus dependent on the amount of envelope protein present in the viral lipid bilayer. In conclusion, AEXc enables the separation of gp70 proteins as well as envelope protein\u2010free vectors constituting a significant improvement to the quality of retroviral preparations for gene therapy applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.200800195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T08:58:22Z","timestamp":1222851502000},"page":"3509-3518","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Removal of envelope protein\u2010free retroviral vectors by anion\u2010exchange chromatography to improve product quality"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Teresa","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Manuel J. 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