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This effect relies on the overlap between the signals of two interferometers with slightly detuned interference frequencies. The Vernier envelope modulation generated at the output spectrum presents magnified sensing capabilities (i.e., magnified wavelength shift) compared to that of the individual sensing interferometers that constitute the system, leading to a new generation of highly sensitive fiber sensing devices. This review analyses the recent advances and developments of the optical Vernier effect from a fiber sensing point\u2010of\u2010view. Initially, the fundamentals of the effect are introduced, followed by an extensive review on the state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art, presenting all the different configurations and types of fiber sensing interferometers used to introduce the optical Vernier effect. This paper also includes an overview of the complex case of enhanced Vernier effect and the introduction of harmonics to the effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.202000588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T07:56:31Z","timestamp":1622188591000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":311,"title":["Optical Vernier Effect: Recent Advances and Developments"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3512-3687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 D.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology  Albert\u2010Einstein\u2010Stra\u00dfe 9 Jena 07745 Germany"},{"name":"Centre for Applied Photonics INESC TEC and Faculty of Sciences University of Porto  Rua do Campo Alegre 687 Porto 4169\u2010007 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Hartmut","family":"Bartelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology  Albert\u2010Einstein\u2010Stra\u00dfe 9 Jena 07745 Germany"}]},{"given":"Orlando","family":"Fraz\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Photonics INESC TEC and Faculty of Sciences University of Porto  Rua do Campo Alegre 687 Porto 4169\u2010007 Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","volume-title":"Navigatio Britannica: Or, A Complete System of Navigation in All Its Branches, Both with Regard to Theory and Practice","author":"Barrow J.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Scientific Instruments of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries and Their Makers","author":"Daumas M.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.5.000803"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.200600457"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.78.1297"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-018-0347-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19245431"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2012.2222369"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.22.019581"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.25.026898"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2020.106198"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2019.2936174"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2018.11.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2017.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2011.2167678"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"6803411","volume":"10","author":"Zhang J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics J."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2019.2917062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2019.2926066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.44.004833"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"Zhang P.","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics J."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.40.004891"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2016.2615054"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.57.005043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18113677"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.43.005355"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2019.163181"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2903583"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2900080"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.27.037308"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.2970431"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2019.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2019.2944143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45909-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.58.004858"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.27.017239"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2933561"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19030453"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","first-page":"027102","volume":"59","author":"Nan T.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. 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