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Bacterial cellulose (BC) has been studied for use as an off\u2010the\u2010shelf graft. Herein, we present a novel, cost\u2010effective, method for the production of small caliber BC grafts with minimal processing or requirements. The morphology of the graft wall produced a tensile strength above that of native vessels, performing similarly to the current commercial alternatives. As a result of the production method, the luminal surface of the graft presents similar topography to that of native vessels. We have also studied the in vivo behavior of these BC graft in order to further demonstrate their viability. In these preliminary studies, 1 month patency was achieved, with the presence of neo\u2010vessels and endothelial cells on the luminal surface of the graft.<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mabi201500251-gra-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"mabi201500251-gra-0001\"\/><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201500251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]],"date-time":"2015-09-21T11:40:50Z","timestamp":1442835650000},"page":"139-150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["A Novel Small\u2010Caliber Bacterial Cellulose Vascular Prosthesis: Production, Characterization, and Preliminary In Vivo Testing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Alexandre F.","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEB\u2010Centre of Biological Engineering University of Minho Braga 4710\u2010057 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas Veterin\u00e1rias; Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia; Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Biom\u00e9dica (UMIB) ICBAS\u2010 Biomedical Sciences Institute Abel Salazar University of Porto Oporto 4050\u2010313 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Augusto M. 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