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The results point out that 3D MS surfaces can be homogeneously coated by layer\u2010by\u2010layer (LbL) assembly of oppositely charged polyethyleneimine (PEI) and GO. Notably, the GOPEI@MS bionanocomposites present a high structural and mechanical stability under compression tests in wet conditions (shape memory). Dynamic mechanically (2 h of sinusoidal compression cyclic interval (0.5 Hz,\u00a00\u201310%\u00a0strain)\/14\u00a0d) stimulates GOPEI@MS seeded with osteoblast (MC3T3\u2010E1), shows a significant improvement in bioactivity, with cell proliferation being two times higher than under static conditions. Besides, the dynamic assays show that GOPEI@MS bionanocomposites are able to act as mechanical stimulus\u2010responsive scaffolds able to resemble physiological bone extracellular matrix (ECM) requirements by strongly triggering mineralization of the bone matrix. These results prove that the environment created by the system cell\u2010GOPEI@MS is suitable for controlling the mechanisms regulating mechanical stimulation\u2010induced cell proliferation for potential in vivo experimentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202100311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T16:39:00Z","timestamp":1633624740000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Biomimetic Graphene\/Spongin Scaffolds for Improved Osteoblasts Bioactivity via Dynamic Mechanical Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"\u00c2ngela","family":"Semitela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TEMA Mechanical Engineering Department University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810\u2010193 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TEMA Mechanical Engineering Department University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810\u2010193 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristiana","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TEMA Mechanical Engineering Department University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810\u2010193 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TEMA Mechanical Engineering Department University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810\u2010193 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Fateixa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO \u2010 Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810\u2010193 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Helena I. 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