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In this work, the potential of this new material for neural tissue engineering is evaluated. Membranes with randomly oriented fibers and with aligned fibers are produced using electrospinning and characterized regarding their mechanical behavior under both dry and wet conditions. Wet samples exhibit a lower Young's modulus than dry ones and aligned membranes are stiffer and more brittle than those randomly oriented. Cyclic tensile tests are conducted and high values for recovery ratio and resilience are obtained. Both membranes exhibited a hydrophobic surface, measured by the water contact angle (WCA). Human mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord tissue (UC\u2010MSCs) and human neural stem cells (NSCs) are seeded on both types of membranes, which support their adhesion and proliferation. Cells stained for the cytoskeleton and nucleus in membranes with aligned fibers display an elongated morphology following the alignment direction. As the culture time increased, higher cell viability is obtained on randomfibers for UC\u2010MSCs while no differences are observed for NSCs. The membranes support neuronal differentiation of NSCs, as evidenced by markers for a neuronal filament protein (NF70) and for a microtubule\u2010associated protein (MAP2).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202400014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T07:30:31Z","timestamp":1722238231000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Gelatin\u2010Based Poly(Ester Urethane Urea) Electrospun Fibers Using Human Mesenchymal and Neural Stem Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8447-1886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Vieira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT\/i3N NOVA School of Sciences and Technology Universidade Nova de Lisboa  Caparica 2829\u2010516 Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica NOVA School of Sciences and Technology Universidade Nova 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