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The AlphaFold system entered in CASP14 is entirely different to the one entered in CASP13. It used a novel end\u2010to\u2010end deep neural network trained to produce protein structures from amino acid sequence, multiple sequence alignments, and homologous proteins. In the assessors' ranking by summed z scores (&gt;2.0), AlphaFold scored 244.0 compared to 90.8 by the next best group. The predictions made by AlphaFold had a median domain GDT_TS of 92.4; this is the first time that this level of average accuracy has been achieved during CASP, especially on the more difficult Free Modeling targets, and represents a significant improvement in the state of the art in protein structure prediction. We reported how AlphaFold was run as a human team during CASP14 and improved such that it now achieves an equivalent level of performance without intervention, opening the door to highly accurate large\u2010scale structure prediction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.26257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T08:24:12Z","timestamp":1633335852000},"page":"1711-1721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":434,"title":["Applying and improving\n                    <scp>AlphaFold<\/scp>\n                    at\n                    <scp>CASP14<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6169-6580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Jumper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DeepMind  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4675-8469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DeepMind  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4233-9040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Pritzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DeepMind  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3227-1505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DeepMind  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1386-8741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Figurnov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DeepMind  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4266-1515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olaf","family":"Ronneberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DeepMind  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8594-1074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn","family":"Tunyasuvunakool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DeepMind  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4992-2319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Russ","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DeepMind  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augustin","family":"\u017d\u00eddek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DeepMind  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0962-0794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Potapenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DeepMind  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Bridgland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DeepMind  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1165-6104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clemens","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DeepMind  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4271-4418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon A. 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