{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T06:55:54Z","timestamp":1762325754041,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04540\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04540\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physica Status Solidi (b)"],"abstract":"<jats:p>ZnO\u2010nanostructured thin films can be used as electron transport layers in ordered heterojunction quantum\u2010dot solar cells. An increased interface between electron and hole\u2010transporting layers allows for a fast separation of the electron\u2013hole pairs preventing their recombination. Consequently, an improvement of the overall solar cell efficiency is expected. ZnO hierarchical nanorod thin films can provide the desired increase in interface area. In this work, their properties are studied and compared with simple ZnO nanorod films. The ZnO nanorod films are synthesized hydrothermally by placing the quartz\/indium\u2010tin\u2010oxide substrates in a solution of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and sodium hydroxide at 90\u2009\u00b0C. Hierarchical structures are obtained through a second deposition step. Scanning electron microscopy is used to characterize the size and shape of the nanorods. Simple ZnO films display hexagonal nanorods with a diameter of around 150\u2009nm while hierarchical films show additional 40\u2009nm diameter nanorods growing on the side surfaces of the primary 150\u2009nm nanorods. Optical transmittance spectroscopy reveals a bandgap around 3.35\u2009eV. Current\u2013voltage measurements in the high\u2010field regime of 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\u2009V\u2009cm<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> are used to determine the density of trap states <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub> through the application of trap\u2010filled limit current theory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pssb.202300374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T06:53:48Z","timestamp":1702018428000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Transient Photocurrents and Defect States in Hierarchically Structured ZnO Nanowires"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Sanguino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica and CeFEMA Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico  P-1049-001 Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Godinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica and CeFEMA Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico  P-1049-001 Lisboa Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5926-1884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reinhard","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica and CeFEMA Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico  P-1049-001 Lisboa Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catcom.2014.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2017.05.238"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.07.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2016.06.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2017.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2016.03.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.triboint.2017.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2016.11.064"},{"volume-title":"Solar Cells - Dye-Sensitized Devices","year":"2011","author":"Uthirakumar A. 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