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This practice involves the use of improvised explosives to stun or kill fish for harvest. Bomb fishing is primarily undertaken on highly threatened tropical coral reef habitats where it accelerates ecological degradation that destabilises communities dependent on these habitats. However, the true extent of bomb fishing in impacted regions is unknown, making it difficult to identify hotspots and activity patterns required to inform management. Here, we present the first quantitative estimate of bomb fishing intensity and temporal patterns in the Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia\u2014a global marine biodiversity hotspot. We developed a machine learning\u2010based acoustic monitoring system (BombDetect), with an estimated detection distance of at least 16.95\u2009km, and deployed this over a 16\u2010month period to measure bomb fishing incidents. From the 3698.88\u2009h of audio gathered, we detected and verified 3,567 blasts, equivalent to 23.14 per day, equating to 8446.1 blasts and up to 16.72\u2009ha of reef degradation per year. Bomb fishing occurred year\u2010round, mostly during daylight hours, with significant reductions on Fridays (local prayer day) and during a period of stormy weather. These findings quantify patterns of occurrence of a dominant driver of long\u2010term reef decline in the region. We demonstrate the efficacy of a low\u2010cost approach for quantifying this underreported destructive fishing pressure at scale, which can be readily adapted to other impacted regions to support urgent conservation action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rse2.70093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T08:04:21Z","timestamp":1786521861000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Widespread Bomb Fishing in Indo\u2010Pacific Archipelago Revealed Through Machine Learning Accelerated Passive Acoustic Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3470-3199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Zoological Society of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Mars Coral Restoration Project Monitoring Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimee","family":"du Luart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonny","family":"Burniston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tries B.","family":"Razak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPB University  Bogor Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy A. 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