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Ball milling the carbon nanomaterials with melamine resulted in the introduction of pyrrolic, pyridinic and quaternary N atoms on the graphitic structure. Using triphenylphosphine as the phosphorous precursor induced the formation of R\u2212O\u2010PO(OH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    functionalities. Materials prepared with boric acid showed the presence of boronic groups (C\u2010BO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and B atoms in B\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    . S\u2010doped materials presented tiophene\u2010S type atoms. The catalytic studies showed that all the doped carbon materials were active catalysts in the reduction of 4\u2010nitrophenol (4\u2010NP), and that the modifications introduced by the doping procedures, overall yielded catalysts with superior activity in regard to their pristine counterparts. Reusability experiments revealed no loss of catalytic activity up to three catalytic cycles for the doped carbon nanotubes, whereas the graphene flake materials showed some deterioration of catalytic performance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.201702706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]],"date-time":"2018-02-12T07:42:55Z","timestamp":1518421375000},"page":"1737-1748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Heteroatom\u2010Doped Carbon Nanomaterials as Metal\u2010Free Catalysts for the Reduction of 4\u2010Nitrophenol"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Bruno","family":"Jarrais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departmento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto  Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n 4169-007 Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, P\u00f3lo da FCUP and Departamento de Geoci\u00eancias, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Territ\u00f3rio Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto  Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departmento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto  Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n 4169-007 Porto Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C0GC00550A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"223","volume":"4","author":"Yusuke M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. 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