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In the present work, electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber meshes (NFMs) are treated by radio\u2010frequency (RF) plasma using different gases (Ar or O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), power (20 or 30\u2009W), and exposure time (5 or 10\u2009min). Morphological and roughness analysis show topographical changes on the plasma\u2010treated NFMs. X\u2010ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicate an increment of the oxygen\u2010containing groups, mainly \uf8ffOH and \uf8ffC\uf8feO, at the plasma\u2010treated surfaces. Accordingly, the glycerol contact angle results demonstrate a decrease in the hydrophobicity of plasma\u2010treated meshes, particularly in the O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010treated ones. Three model cell lines (fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts) are used to study the effect of plasma treatments over the morphology, cell adhesion, and proliferation. A plasma treatment with O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and one with Ar are found to be the most successful for all the studied cell types. The influence of hydrophilicity and roughness of those NFMs on their biological performance is discussed. Despite the often claimed morphological similarity of NFMs to natural extracellular matrixes, their surface properties contribute substantially to the cellular performance and therefore those should be optimized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.200801648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,30]],"date-time":"2009-04-30T08:38:12Z","timestamp":1241080692000},"page":"1195-1206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":268,"title":["Surface Modification of Electrospun Polycaprolactone Nanofiber Meshes by Plasma Treatment to Enhance Biological Performance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Albino","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elisabete D.","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Iva","family":"Pashkuleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexandra 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