{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:16:39Z","timestamp":1777382199450,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self\u2010powered photodetectors (PDs) have been recognized as one of the developing trends of next\u2010generation optoelectronic devices. Herein, it is shown that by introducing a thin layer of SnO film between the Si substrate and the ZnO film, the self\u2010powered photodetector Al\/Si\/SnO\/ZnO\/ITO exhibits a stable and uniform violet sensing ability with high photoresponsivity and fast response. The SnO layer introduces a built\u2010in electrostatic field to highly enhance the photocurrent by over 1000%. By analyzing energy diagrams of the p\u2010n junction, the underlying physical mechanism of the self\u2010powered violet PDs is carefully illustrated. A high photo\u2010responsivity (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>) of 93\u00a0mA W<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> accompanied by a detectivity (<jats:italic>D*<\/jats:italic>) of 3.1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup> Jones are observed under self\u2010driven conditions, when the device is exposed to 405\u00a0nm excitation laser wavelength, with a laser power density of 36\u00a0mW cm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> and at a chopper frequency of 400\u00a0Hz. The Si\/SnO\/ZnO\/ITO device shows an enhancement of 3067% in responsivity when compared to the Al\/Si\/ZnO\/ITO. The photodetector holds an ultra\u2010fast response of \u2248 2 \u00b5s, which is among the best self\u2010powered photodetectors reported in the literature based on ZnO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202300607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T10:24:54Z","timestamp":1682159094000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Disentangling the Role of the SnO Layer on the Pyro\u2010Phototronic Effect in ZnO\u2010Based Self\u2010Powered Photodetectors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8198-6024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliana M. F.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CMEMS \u2013 UMinho University of Minho Campus de Azurem  Guimar\u00e3es 4804\u2010533 Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS \u2013Associate Laboratory  Braga Guimar\u00e3es Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 P. B.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF\u2010UM\u2010UP) University of Minho Campus de Gualtar  Braga 4710\u2010057 Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies LapMET University of Minho  Braga 4710\u2010057 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Gwozdz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantum Technologies Wroclaw University of Science and Technology  Wroclaw 50\u2013370 Poland"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Kaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantum Technologies Wroclaw University of Science and Technology  Wroclaw 50\u2013370 Poland"}]},{"given":"Nuno M.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMEMS \u2013 UMinho University of Minho Campus de Azurem  Guimar\u00e3es 4804\u2010533 Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS \u2013Associate Laboratory  Braga Guimar\u00e3es Portugal"}]},{"given":"Adil","family":"Chahboun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Abdelmalek Essaadi FST Tanger Laboratoire Couches Minces et Nanomat\u00e9riaux (CMN)  Tanger 90000 Morocco"}]},{"given":"Maria J. M.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF\u2010UM\u2010UP) University of Minho Campus de Gualtar  Braga 4710\u2010057 Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies LapMET University of Minho  Braga 4710\u2010057 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 H.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMEMS \u2013 UMinho University of Minho Campus de Azurem  Guimar\u00e3es 4804\u2010533 Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS \u2013Associate Laboratory  Braga Guimar\u00e3es Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.104182"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202202184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19235210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201707178"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201800275"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.463926"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c04169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094887"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"1","author":"Silva J. 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