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These include immunotherapeutic treatments with dendritic cell (DC)\u2010based vaccines which can elicit tumor\u2010specific immune responses and prolong survival. However, this personalized treatment has several drawbacks, including being costly, labor\u2010intensive, and time consuming. This has sparked interest in producing artificial dendritic cells (aDCs) to open up the possibility of standardized \u201coff\u2010the\u2010shelf\u201d protocols and circumvent the cumbersome and expensive personalized medicine. aDCs take advantage of materials that can be designed and tailored for specific clinical applications. Here, an overview of the immunobiology underlying antigen presentation by DCs is provided in an attempt to select the key features to be mimicked and\/or improved through the development of aDCs. 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