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This study introduces a platform, a miniaturized bioreactor, which enables to study the effect of shear stress in microsized compartmentalized structures. In this system, the well\u2010established cell encapsulation system of liquefied capsules (LCs) is used as microbioreactors in which the encapsulated cells are exposed to variable core viscosities to experience different mechanical forces under a 3D dynamic culture. The LC technology is joined with electrospraying to produce such microbioreactors at high rates, thus allowing the application of microcapsules for high\u2010throughput screening. Using this platform for osteogenic differentiation as an example, shows that microbioreactors with higher core viscosity which produce higher shear stress lead to significantly higher osteogenic characteristics. Moreover, in this system the forces experienced by cells in each LC are simulated by computational modeling. The maximum wall shear stress applied to the cells inside the bioreactor with low, and high core viscosity environment is estimated to be 297 and 1367 mPa, respectively, for the experimental setup employed. This work outlines the potential of LC microbioreactors as a reliable in vitro customizable platform with a wide range of applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202201503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T07:35:54Z","timestamp":1680939354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Viscous Microcapsules as Microbioreactors to Study Mesenchymal Stem\/Stromal Cells Osteolineage Commitment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6088-0834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Ghasemzadeh\u2010Hasankolaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO \u2013 Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro  Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago Aveiro 3810\u2010193 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o M.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFT\u2010Tranport Phenomena Research Center Department of Chemical Engineering Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP)  Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto 4200\u2013465 Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE \u2013 Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto 4200\u2013465 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Clara R.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO \u2013 Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro  Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago Aveiro 3810\u2010193 Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2342-3765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o F.","family":"Mano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO \u2013 Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro  Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago Aveiro 3810\u2010193 Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CS00053K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.0c00045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00306-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7BM00261K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1710653115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mee.2016.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.04.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-011-0820-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0505661103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2018.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/rme.10.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3416"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10137"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/term.166"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/316803"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2019.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-018-0180-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202110267"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.06.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2020.101888"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201908061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","volume-title":"9th Int. 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