{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T19:08:39Z","timestamp":1770750519351,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["steel research int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>The laser beam can be used as a powerful tool for bending tubes and sheets by local heating and buckling mechanism. Herein, the bending of mild steel tubes is investigated by irradiation of the laser beam. To consider the effect of the interaction of process parameters despite previous research, six laser tube bending process parameters in different levels including laser power, scanning speed, laser beam diameter, irradiation length, number of irradiation passes, and irradiation scheme are selected and a set of 92 experimental tests is planned according to the response surface methodology (RSM). The tests have been carried out by using a continuous wave (CW) CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> laser. The influencing parameters affecting the main bending angle and the lateral bending angle are determined. The effect of main process parameters and their interaction on the main and lateral bending angles are discussed. The axial irradiation scheme (AIS) creates a higher main bending angle compared to the circumferential scanning strategy. The results show that the main bending angle and lateral bending angle increase by increasing the laser power, irradiation length, and the number of irradiation passes and reducing the scanning speed and laser beam diameter. The main and lateral bending angles are determined by a regression equation with about 96% goodness of fitting. The results show that 1100\u2009W laser power, 14.6\u2009mm\u2009s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> scanning speed, 4\u2009mm laser beam diameter, 28.27\u2009mm irradiation length, 1 pass of irradiation, and AIS lead to a simultaneous maximum bending angle of 1.80\u00b0 and minimum lateral bending angle of 0.152\u00b0.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/srin.202200230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T16:07:26Z","timestamp":1657123646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comprehensive Assessment of Laser Tube Bending Process by Response Surface Methodology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Safari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Arak University of Technology  Arak 38181-41167 Iran"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5848-6424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Alves de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mechanical Technology and Automation Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Aveiro  Campus de Santiago Aveiro 3810-183 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jalal","family":"Joudaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Arak University of Technology  Arak 38181-41167 Iran"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2018.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2716715"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2006.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1286731"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1392992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"W.Li Y. L.Yao inProc. The North American Manuf. Research Conf. (NAMRC XXVIII) 2000 pp.33\u201338."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2113047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2020.164302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2004.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2022.108025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2017.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00366-019-00814-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40430-021-03063-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/eng.2011.37084"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2020.164932"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"33","volume":"5","author":"Safari M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Stress Anal."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2013.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"Safari M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metals"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/met11071123"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"46","volume":"7","author":"Safari M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iran. J. Mater. Form."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2020.106876"}],"container-title":["steel research international"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/srin.202200230","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/srin.202200230","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/srin.202200230","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]],"date-time":"2024-01-06T04:16:00Z","timestamp":1704514560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/srin.202200230"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/srin.202200230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/srin.202200230","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1611-3683","1869-344X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1611-3683","type":"print"},{"value":"1869-344X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2200230"}}