{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T03:44:23Z","timestamp":1778039063280,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["steel research int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydrogen\u2010rich blast furnace smelting technology, as a low\u2010carbon metallurgical technology, has gradually gained extensive attention from academia and the steel industry. In this work, the reduction behavior of vanadium\u2010titanium magnetite (VTM) pellets with different basicity in a hydrogen\u2010rich blast furnace atmosphere is investigated for the first time, and its reduction mechanism is elaborated. It is shown that the presence of CaO changed the composition of the slag phase and negatively affected the compressive strength of the post\u2010reduced VTM pellets. The increase in temperature intensified the molecular motion and diffusion processes of the reducing gases, which increased the gas diffusion rate and the phase boundary reaction rate and promoted the reduction reaction. The micro\u2010morphological evolution of the VTM pellets during the reduction process is as follows: dense blocky structure \u2192 dense spherical structure \u2192 loose spongy structure \u2192 fibrous and semi\u2010fibrous structure \u2192 coralloid structure. As the basicity increased, the structural integrity of the reduced VTM pellet is damaged, and the reduction degree increased. This work can provide theoretical support and technical basis for hydrogen\u2010rich blast furnace smelting VTM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/srin.202500322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T01:46:47Z","timestamp":1750816007000},"page":"116-126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of Basicity on the Hydrogen\u2010Rich Reduction Behavior of Vanadium\u2010Titanium Magnetite Pellets: Reduction Mechanism within Hydrogen\u2010Rich Blast Furnace"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6321-0561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Song","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing  Beijing 100083 China"},{"name":"Bijie City Industrial Technology Innovation and Development Center  Bijie Guizhou 551700 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangyou","family":"Gui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bijie Vocational and Technical College  Bijie Guizhou 551700 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pangang Group Xichang Steel &amp; Vanadium Co.Ltd  Xichang Sichuan 615032 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1685-7065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanbing","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing  Beijing 100083 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing  Beijing 100083 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2494-0040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing  Beijing 100083 China"},{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering The University of Queensland  St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shushi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing  Beijing 100083 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qizheng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing  Beijing 100083 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2022.117340"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2024.108732"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12613-015-1108-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03019233.2020.1721955"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/srin.202400480"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.139042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03019233.2021.1909992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03019233.2022.2071093"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42243-023-00951-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2355\/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2019-734"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2020.03.143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2355\/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2022-099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/met11071008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/srin.201900069"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12613-023-2719-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"119","volume":"47","author":"Qing G.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sintering Pelleting"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/srin.202200904"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/srin.202400461"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2021.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2355\/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2017-486"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","volume-title":"Basic Research on Gas\u2010Based Direct Reduction of Indonesia Lronsand Oxidized Pellets","author":"Li Y.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"688","volume":"22","author":"Zuo H.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metall. 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