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This study aimed to improve the usability and accessibility of this technology to solve on\u2010site issues, such as those caused by chemical admixture. In order to construct concrete that can be printed in three dimensions, researchers added many chemical admixtures in controlled quantities. This experiment's main goals were to prepare 3D printable concrete (3DPC) without chemical admixture and to evaluate fresh and hardened properties. Slump, flow, extrudability, buildability, open time, and penetrometer tests were carried out for fresh properties. Compressive, flexural, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity were evaluated for hardened properties. The printed specimens in the longitudinal direction exhibited higher compressive strength than in the downward and lateral directions. Similarly, higher flexural and splitting tensile strength in the longitudinal direction of printed specimens than in the downward and lateral direction. The results of developing 3DPC without chemical admixtures demonstrated good performance in fresh and hardened properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/suco.202300267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T06:00:45Z","timestamp":1695103245000},"page":"365-378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["3D printable concrete without chemical admixtures: Fresh and hardened properties"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Vaibhav Vinod","family":"Ingle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR\u2010Structural Engineering Research Centre, Taramani  Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7631-2495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senthil Kumar","family":"Kaliyavaradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR\u2010Structural Engineering Research Centre, Taramani  Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}]},{"given":"P. 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