{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T18:36:52Z","timestamp":1775327812439,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]],"date-time":"2025-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007343","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007343","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Structural Concrete"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study deals with the assessment of the load\u2010bearing capacity of layered 3D printed concrete (3DPC) using a modified slant shear test (MSST) to define a Mohr's envelope. To this aim, the established modified Coulomb yield condition of the concrete is complemented by a Coulomb failure criterion of the layer joints (cold or dry joints). Due to the anisotropy inherent to 3DPC elements, caused by the interlayer of printed concrete, the test setups commonly used for conventional concrete are inadequate to assess the load\u2010bearing capacity of 3DPC. A total of 45 3DPC specimens with different inclinations of the concrete printed layers, including a cold joint with 30\u2009min time gap were tested using the MSST. The results showed a high strength of the interfaces with two different failure modes, depending on the inclination of the layers: (i) concrete matrix failure and (ii) layer interface failure, where the latter governed for layer inclinations of 60\u00b0 and 75\u00b0 with respect to the horizontal plane. The test campaign confirms that the proposed MSST is a highly practical test method that enables determining the parameters governing a Mohr's envelope of layered 3DPC and can thus be used to reliably characterize its load\u2010bearing capacity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/suco.202400238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T04:05:02Z","timestamp":1736741102000},"page":"2467-2486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Determining the strength of <scp>3D<\/scp> printed concrete with the modified slant shear test"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5119-7390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Licciardello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}]},{"given":"Alejandro Giraldo","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Structural Engineering (IBK) ETH Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8415-4896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Kaufmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Structural Engineering (IBK) ETH Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4334-4108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Metelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2020.103467"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2020.106079"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.10.190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2022.106837"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2018.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-59471-2_283"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-06116-5_64"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2022.104660"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-49916-7_63"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 session of the 13th fib International PhD Symposium in Civil Engineering","author":"Gebhard L","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2021.112380"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58482-5_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.103964"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2017.07.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2020.101737"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2019.105780"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-90535-4_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2022.104529"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acme.2017.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40996-020-00370-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2011.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2017.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2019.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.235"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2017.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.126743"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1617\/s11527-019-1322-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","volume-title":"Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures: test methods\u2010determination of slant shear strength","author":"EN 12615:1999","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9783433602638"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","unstructured":"fib. International Federation for Structural Concrete.fibModel Code for Concrete Structures 2020.2023.https:\/\/www.fib\u2010international.org\/publications\/model\u2010codes\/model\u2010code\u20102020.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14359\/51689676"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.08.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.232"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-06116-5_37"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","volume-title":"Tectonics of concrete printed architecture: technology, components and assemblies for column\u2010slab construction","author":"Anton A\u2010M","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2016.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","first-page":"372","article-title":"Arizona slant shear test: a method to determine epoxy bond strength","volume":"73","author":"Kreigh JD","year":"1976","journal-title":"ACI J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1680\/macr.1978.30.105.221"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2019.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2014.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMM.864.324"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2004.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2005.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2012.12.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dibe.2023.100180"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/jj.11374766.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","unstructured":"EN 1015\u201011:2020.Method of test for mortar for masonry \u2013 part 11: determination of flexural and compressive strength of hardened mortar.2020.https:\/\/www.en\u2010standard.eu\/une\u2010en\u20101015\u201011\u20102020\u2010methods\u2010of\u2010test\u2010for\u2010mortar\u2010for\u2010masonry\u2010part\u201011\u2010determination\u2010of\u2010flexural\u2010and\u2010compressive\u2010strength\u2010of\u2010hardened\u2010mortar\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","volume-title":"Eurocode 2: design of concrete structures\u2014part 1\u20131: general rules, and rules for buildings, bridges and civil engineering structures","author":"EN 1992\u20101\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-70031-6_57"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02486177"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1099-1484(199601)1:1<115::aid-cfm6>3.0.co;2-u"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asej.2020.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","volume-title":"Limit analysis and concrete plasticity","author":"Nielsen MP","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Structural Concrete"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/suco.202400238","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:20:08Z","timestamp":1749774008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/suco.202400238"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/suco.202400238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/suco.202400238","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-4177","1751-7648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-4177","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-7648","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}