{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T12:08:24Z","timestamp":1773576504958,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Quality Mgmt"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The epicarp of\n                    <jats:italic>Citrus sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. is an agro\u2010industrial waste, containing compounds that may be beneficial to health. The study focused on the extraction and fractionation of epicarp waste, as well as its biological effects using bioguided assays. The epicarp was extracted in sequence using hexane, acetone, and methanol. The hexane extract demonstrated the highest activity against\n                    <jats:italic>Artemia salina<\/jats:italic>\n                    and was fractionated through vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC), inverted column chromatography (ICC), and thin\u2010layer chromatography (TLC). Fractionation was bioguided by the effect on\n                    <jats:italic>A. salina<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The most active fractions were then evaluated on B16F10, L5178Y cancer cells lines and also in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from healthy volunteers. The isolated VLC fractions were analyzed through qualitative phytochemical analysis. The TLC fractions underwent assays for total phenols, flavonoids, DPPH, and FRAP content. Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of sugars, phenolic compounds, coumarins, and saponins. TLC\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    2 showed the highest total polyphenol content with 128.01 \u00b1 0.90\u00a0mg GAE\/g, as well as an antioxidant effect with 236.95 \u00b1 0.78\u00a0mg Trolox\/g and 641.54 \u00b1 1.40\u00a0mM FE(II)\/g. EHX, TLC\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    3, TLC\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    2, and TLC\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    6 induced an LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 11.63 \u00b1 0.01, 50.54 \u00b1 1.34, 50.54 \u00b1 1.34, and 50.55 \u00b1 1.33\u00a0\u00b5g\/respectively on B16F10 cell line, compared to with doxorubicin showing an LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 30.72 \u00b1 0.27\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL. On the other hand, EHX, TLC\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    3, TLC\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    2\n                    <jats:sub>,<\/jats:sub>\n                    and TLC\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    6 showed an LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 418.2 \u00b1 40.84, 482.5 \u00b1 68.02, y 266 \u00b1 23.04 \u00b5g\/mL on L5178Y cell line, while doxorubicin presented an LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    in 24.25 \u00b1 0.00\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL. The LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of EHX, TLC\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    3, TLC\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    2 and TLC\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    6 in PBMC were 11.64 \u00b1 0.02, 611.95 \u00b1 0.01, 247.55 \u00b1 0.00 and 171.42 \u00b1 0.02, \u00b5g\/mL, while doxorubicin showed LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 30.72 \u00b1 0.48\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL. Additionally, EHX induces greater effect on cancer cells without affecting PBMC viability, compared to the fractions tested. This could be related to a synergistic effect between the EHX compounds. Furthermore, the TLC fractions demonstrate selectivity for cancer cells with minimal impact on healthy cells. Therefore, the study demonstrated the potential of\n                    <jats:italic>C. sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    agro\u2010industrial waste for the recovery of bioactive fractions and the design of anticancer products.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tqem.70301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T06:55:45Z","timestamp":1771052145000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recovery of Bioactive Fractions From\n                    <i>Citrus sinensis<\/i>\n                    L. Epicarp Wastes by Bioguided Assays"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Laura Mar\u00eda","family":"Sol\u00eds\u2010Salas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Basic Sciences and Science and Technology of Food Antonio Narro Autonomous Agrarian University  Saltillo Coahuila Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7182-6198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solange I.","family":"Mussatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine Technical University of Denmark  Lyngby Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1362-4691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth Elizabeth","family":"Belmares\u2010Cerda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Sciences Autonomous University of Coahuila  Saltillo Coahuila M\u00e9xico"}]},{"given":"Mario Alberto","family":"Cruz\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Basic Sciences and Science and Technology of Food Antonio Narro Autonomous Agrarian University  Saltillo Coahuila Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6408-3306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lluvia Itzel","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering Desert Research Institute Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed  San Luis Potos\u00ed Mexico"}]},{"given":"Crystel Aleyvick","family":"Sierra\u2010Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Sciences Autonomous University of Coahuila  Saltillo Coahuila M\u00e9xico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1939-2019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia Yesenia","family":"Silva\u2010Belmares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Sciences Autonomous University of Coahuila  Saltillo Coahuila M\u00e9xico"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871520623666230701000338"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/separations9110359"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12213757"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986608784966994"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947\u2010013\u20101115\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.05.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2016.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Antimicrobial Action and Toxicity Against Artemia Salina of the Dichlormethane Extract From Morinda royoc L. roots","volume":"16","author":"Borroto J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Revista Cubana de Plantas Medicinales"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14091372"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541\u20104337.12026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-812792-6.00015-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X1501000217"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26020495"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26061626"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12112203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.28940\/terra.v41i0.1673"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8020035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204\u2010020\u201002689\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/tjpr.v13i6.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17533\/udea.vitae.v24n1a05"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/345415"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phytochemical Analysis In\u2010Vitro Antiproliferative, Antio\u2010oxidant, Anti\u2010diabetic, and Anti\u2010obesity Activities of Rumex Rothschildianus Aarons. 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