{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:53:45Z","timestamp":1791417225556,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,1]],"date-time":"1998-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":899251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animal Behaviour"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,19]],"date-time":"2003-05-19T16:51:33Z","timestamp":1053363093000},"page":"99-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":244,"title":["Foraging behaviour and sexual segregation in bighorn sheep"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"KATHREEN E","family":"RUCKSTUHL","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.05.110174.001545","article-title":"The evolution of social behavior","volume":"5","author":"Alexander","year":"1974","journal-title":"Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2307\/1381471","article-title":"Sex differences in quality of white-tailed deer diets","volume":"68","author":"Beier","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Mammalogy"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00302563","article-title":"Group size, foraging, and antipredator ploys: an analysis of bighorn sheep decisions","volume":"4","author":"Berger","year":"1978","journal-title":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(05)80503-2","article-title":"Pregnancy incentives, predation constraints and habitat shifts: experimental and field evidence for wild bighorn sheep","volume":"41","author":"Berger","year":"1991","journal-title":"Animal Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(80)80030-3","article-title":"Vigilance and group size in ostriches","volume":"28","author":"Bertram","year":"1980","journal-title":"Animal Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sexual segregation in mountain sheep: resources or predation","volume":"134","author":"Bleich","year":"1997","journal-title":"Wildlife Monographs"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1139\/z82-338","article-title":"Distribution and abundance of terrestrial gastropods on a winter range of bighorn sheep in southwestern Alberta","volume":"60","author":"Boag","year":"1982","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF8","series-title":"Ongul\u00e9s\/Ungulates 1991. Proceedings of the International Symposium Ongul\u00e9s\/Ungulates 1991","article-title":"Social and spatial segregation of males and females in polygamous ungulates: proximate factors","author":"Bon","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF9","first-page":"9","article-title":"Comparison of social patterns during the rut within three European populations of Corsican mouflons (Ovis gmelini","volume":"2","author":"Bon","year":"1992","journal-title":"Etologia"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF10","series-title":"Bioenergetics of Wild Herbivores","first-page":"53","article-title":"Foraging behavior: dynamics of dining out","author":"Bunnell","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF11","series-title":"Red Deer. Behavior and Ecology of Two Sexes.","author":"Clutton-Brock","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1987.tb01534.x","article-title":"Sexual segregation and density related changes in habitat use in male and female red deer","volume":"211","author":"Clutton-Brock","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF13","first-page":"337","article-title":"Vigilance for predators: detection and dilution effects","volume":"26","author":"Dehn","year":"1990","journal-title":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1086\/284369","article-title":"A nutritional explanation for body-size patterns of ruminant and nonruminant herbivores","volume":"125","author":"Demment","year":"1985","journal-title":"American Naturalist"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00776423","article-title":"Seasonal range selection in bighorn sheep: conflicts between forage quality, forage quantity, and predator avoidance","volume":"75","author":"Festa-Bianchet","year":"1988","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(05)80607-4","article-title":"The social system of bighorn sheep: grouping patterns, kinship and female dominance rank","volume":"42","author":"Festa-Bianchet","year":"1991","journal-title":"Animal Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1139\/z96-041","article-title":"The development of sexual dimorphism: seasonal and lifetime mass changes of bighorn sheep","volume":"76","author":"Festa-Bianchet","year":"1996","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1996.0345","article-title":"Vigilance by female Dall's sheep: interactions between predation risk factors","volume":"53","author":"Frid","year":"1997","journal-title":"Animal Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF19","series-title":"Mountain Sheep: a Study in Behaviour and Evolution.","author":"Geist","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(71)90189-5","article-title":"Geometry of the selfish herd","volume":"31","author":"Hamilton","year":"1971","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical Biology"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1515\/mamm.1995.59.2.197","article-title":"Overlap in summer habitats and diets of Tibetan Plateau ungulates","volume":"59","author":"Harris","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mammalia"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF22","series-title":"Bioenergetics of Wild Herbivores","first-page":"1","article-title":"Body size, energetics and adaptive radiation","author":"Hudson","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00317422","article-title":"Modelling the nutritional ecology of ungulate herbivores: evolution of body size and competitive interactions","volume":"89","author":"Illius","year":"1992","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1139\/z87-083","article-title":"Differential habitat use and sexual segregation in the Central Arctic caribou herd","volume":"65","author":"Jakimchuk","year":"1987","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1163\/156853974X00345","article-title":"The social organisation of antelope in relation to their ecology","volume":"48","author":"Jarman","year":"1974","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(80)80071-6","article-title":"Influence of position in the flock and flock size on vigilance in the starling,Sturnus vulgaris","volume":"28","author":"Jennings","year":"1980","journal-title":"Animal Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1139\/z93-188","article-title":"Group structure in wood bison: nutritional and reproductive determinants","volume":"71","author":"Komers","year":"1993","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1994.1306","article-title":"An assessment of data pooling and some alternatives","volume":"48","author":"Leger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Animal Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1985.tb00124.x","article-title":"The pooling fallacy: problems arising when individuals contribute more than one observation to the data set","volume":"68","author":"Machlis","year":"1985","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Tierpsychologie"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF30","first-page":"204","article-title":"Sexual segregation among ungulates: a critique","volume":"18","author":"Main","year":"1990","journal-title":"Wildlife Society Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2307\/3802067","article-title":"Sexual segregation in Rocky Mountain mule deer","volume":"60","author":"Main","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Management"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2307\/1382821","article-title":"Sexual segregation in ungulates: new directions for research","volume":"77","author":"Main","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Mammalogy"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sexual segregation in Alaskan moose","volume":"122","author":"Miquelle","year":"1992","journal-title":"Wildlife Monographs"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.2307\/1382509","article-title":"Costs and benefits of group living in a recently social ungulate: the Alaskan moose","volume":"75","author":"Molvar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Mammalogy"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF35","series-title":"SPSS Graduate Student Statistical Package (6.1).","author":"Norusis","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF36","series-title":"Megaherbivores. The Influence of Very Large Body Size on Ecology.","author":"Owen-Smith","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(93)90103-V","article-title":"The effects of group size on grazing time in sheep","volume":"37","author":"Penning","year":"1993","journal-title":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1139\/z85-370","article-title":"Relationships between group size, feeding time, and agonistic behavior of mountain goats","volume":"63","author":"Risenhoover","year":"1985","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.2307\/3801714","article-title":"Foraging ecology of bighorn sheep: implications for habitat management","volume":"49","author":"Risenhoover","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Management"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1139\/z97-098","article-title":"Cougar predation on bighorn sheep in southwestern Alberta during winter","volume":"74","author":"Ross","year":"1997","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF41","first-page":"104","article-title":"Summer activity patterns of bighorn sheep ewes in the Northern Great Plains","volume":"9","author":"Sayre","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biennial Sym-posium of Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF42","series-title":"Foraging Ecology and Nutrition of Stone's Sheep.","author":"Seip","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.2307\/1936781","article-title":"Age-sex differences in the diets of wintering Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep","volume":"63","author":"Shank","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF44","first-page":"117","article-title":"Inter- and intra-sexual segregation of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra","volume":"50","author":"Shank","year":"1985","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr S\u00e4ugetierkunde"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.2307\/3799919","article-title":"Determinants of spatial distribution of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep","volume":"39","author":"Shannon","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Management"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF46","series-title":"Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences.","author":"Siegel","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(88)80084-8","article-title":"Male\u2013female differences in foraging on crops by Asian elephants","volume":"36","author":"Sukumar","year":"1988","journal-title":"Animal Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1995.tb00366.x","article-title":"Social and spatial segregation in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex","volume":"101","author":"Villaret","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ethology"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-919X.1973.tb01990.x","article-title":"The importance of certain assemblages of birds as \u2018information centres\u2019 for food finding","volume":"115","author":"Ward","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ibis"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1991.tb01190.x","article-title":"Sex differences in giraffe feeding ecology: energetic and social constraints","volume":"87","author":"Young","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ethology"},{"key":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745_AR980745RF51","series-title":"Biostatistical Analysis. 2nd edn.","author":"Zar","year":"1984"}],"container-title":["Animal Behaviour"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000334729890745X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000334729890745X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T11:54:31Z","timestamp":1557230071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000334729890745X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S000334729890745X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/anbe.1998.0745","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3472"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3472","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]}}}