{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T13:38:58Z","timestamp":1770471538814,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,1]],"date-time":"2001-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":986083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,16]],"date-time":"2002-09-16T13:50:03Z","timestamp":1032184203000},"page":"1169-1176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Induction of Antigen-Specific Th1-Biased Immune Responses by Plasmid DNA in Schistosoma-Infected Mice with a Preexistent Dominant Th2 Immune Profile"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"282","author":[{"given":"Mila","family":"Ayash-Rashkovsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziva","family":"Weisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Zlotnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eyal","family":"Raz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zvi","family":"Bentwich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gadi","family":"Borkow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0297-205","article-title":"Antiviral pressure exerted by HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) during primary infection demonstrated by rapid selection of CTL escape virus","volume":"3","author":"Borrow","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8023142","article-title":"Ability of HIV to promote a TH1 to TH0 shift and to replicate preferentially in TH2 and TH0 cells","volume":"265","author":"Maggi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-7915(94)90150-3","article-title":"Th1 versus Th2 responses in AIDS","volume":"6","author":"Romagnani","year":"1994","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117096","article-title":"Immune responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in exposed but uninfected individuals: Protection or chance?","volume":"93","author":"Looney","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0195-59","article-title":"HIV-specific cytotoxic T-cells in HIV-exposed but uninfected Gambian women","volume":"1","author":"Rowland-Jones","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0598supp-532","article-title":"HIV vaccines\u2014Where are we going?","volume":"4","author":"Heilman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF7","first-page":"21","article-title":"Pathogenesis of AIDS in Africa: Lessons from the Ethiopian immigrants in Israel","volume":"5","author":"Bentwich","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunologist"},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92618-2","article-title":"Immune activation, a co-factor for HIV transmission in Thailand?","volume":"343","author":"Kalinkovich","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)60982-8","article-title":"African HIV-1 subtype C and rate of progression among Ethiopian immigrants in Israel","volume":"349","author":"Galai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199611000-00012","article-title":"Immunological activation markers in the serum of African and European HIV-seropositive and seronegative individuals","volume":"10","author":"Rizzardini","year":"1996","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.3.948","article-title":"Helminth infection results in decreased virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell and Th1 cytokine responses as well as delayed virus clearance","volume":"90","author":"Actor","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.18.1.927","article-title":"DNA vaccines: Immunology, application, and optimization","volume":"18","author":"Gurunathan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9519","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.20.9519","article-title":"Intradermal gene immunization: The possible role of DNA uptake in the induction of cellular immunity to viruses","volume":"91","author":"Raz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5141","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.10.5141","article-title":"Preferential induction of a Th1 immune response and inhibition of specific IgE antibody formation by plasmid DNA immunization","volume":"93","author":"Raz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5273.352","article-title":"Immunostimulatory DNA sequences necessary for effective intradermal gene immunization","volume":"273","author":"Sato","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0897-849","article-title":"Immunostimulatory DNA sequences function as T helper-1-promoting adjuvants","volume":"3","author":"Roman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01201-2","article-title":"Gene vaccination: Plasmid DNA is more than just a blueprint","volume":"19","author":"Tighe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(97)01145-1","article-title":"The role of CpG dinucleotides in DNA vaccines","volume":"6","author":"Krieg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(98)01408-5","article-title":"Bacterial DNA as immune cell activator","volume":"6","author":"Lipford","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(08)60367-X","article-title":"DNA vaccines: A review","volume":"54","author":"Lewis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv. Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.1999.039","article-title":"Enhancing the immunogenicity of exogenous hepatitis B surface antigen-based vaccines for MHC-I-restricted T cells","volume":"380","author":"Schirmbeck","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF22","first-page":"171","article-title":"Use of CpG DNA for enhancing specific immune responses","volume":"247","author":"Davis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(94)90220-8","article-title":"The Th1-Th2 hypothesis of HIV infection: New insights","volume":"15","author":"Clerici","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(98)01321-8","article-title":"Novel human immunodeficiencies reveal the essential role of type-I cytokines in immunity to intracellular bacteria","volume":"19","author":"Ottenhoff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(98)00135-7","article-title":"HIV-1 DNA vaccines","volume":"65","author":"Fomsgaard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X1999000200012","article-title":"DNA encoding individual mycobacterial antigens protects mice against tuberculosis","volume":"32","author":"Silva","year":"1999","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-4310(99)01594-4","article-title":"Beyond BCG: The potential for a more effective TB vaccine","volume":"5","author":"Orme","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Today"},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF28","first-page":"205","article-title":"Vaccine adverse events in the new millennium: Is there reason for concern?","volume":"78","author":"Ward","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1996.d01-612.x","article-title":"Immune activation in the context of HIV infection","volume":"103","author":"Bentwich","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(99)01499-1","article-title":"Can eradication of helminthic infections change the face of AIDS and tuberculosis?","volume":"20","author":"Bentwich","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF31","first-page":"1368","article-title":"Eradication of helminthic infections may be essential for successful vaccination against HIV and tuberculosis","volume":"78","author":"Borkow","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.173.1.159","article-title":"Downregulation of Th1 cytokine production accompanies induction of Th2 responses by a parasitic helminth, Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"173","author":"Pearce","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.4.1322","article-title":"Egg deposition is the major stimulus for the production of Th2 cytokines in murine schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"146","author":"Grzych","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(99)01551-0","article-title":"Immunopathology of schistosomiasis: A cautionary tale of mice and men","volume":"21","author":"Fallon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(91)90116-R","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase from Schistosoma mansoni: Immunological characterization","volume":"28","author":"Espinoza","year":"1991","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett"},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830211106","article-title":"Evidence for an association between human resistance to Schistosoma mansoni and high anti-larval IgE levels","volume":"21","author":"Rihet","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/349243a0","article-title":"Human IgE, IgG4 and resistance to reinfection with Schistosoma haematobium","volume":"349","author":"Hagan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.6.2555","article-title":"Modulation of airway inflammation by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in a murine model of asthma","volume":"160","author":"Kline","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1999.1572","article-title":"Immunostimulatory DNA pre-priming: A novel approach for prolonged Th1-biased immunity","volume":"198","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70066-7","article-title":"Immunostimulatory DNA and applications to allergic disease","volume":"104","author":"Van Uden","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.8.3627","article-title":"CpG oligodeoxynucleotides trigger protective and curative Th1 responses in lethal murine leishmaniasis","volume":"160","author":"Zimmermann","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.2.973","article-title":"CpG oligonucleotides can prophylactically immunize against Th2-mediated schistosome egg-induced pathology by an IL-12-independent mechanism","volume":"164","author":"Chiaramonte","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-7915(93)90035-Q","article-title":"Immunity and immunoregulation in helminth infections","volume":"5","author":"Wilson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.4.946","article-title":"Leukocytes of patients with Schistosoma mansoni respond with a Th2 pattern of cytokine production to mitogen or egg antigens but with a Th0 pattern to worm antigens","volume":"170","author":"Williams","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830260633","article-title":"Evidence of a T helper type 2 activation in human schistosomiasis","volume":"26","author":"Araujo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011698","article-title":"Can we deworm this wormy world?","volume":"54","author":"Bundy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(95)80119-7","article-title":"Immune activation is a dominant factor in the pathogenesis of African AIDS","volume":"16","author":"Bentwich","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698_RF48","first-page":"21","article-title":"Pathogenesis of AIDS in Africa\u2014Lessons from the Ethiopian immigrants in Israel","volume":"5","author":"Bentwich","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunologist"}],"container-title":["Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006291X01946984?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006291X01946984?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T02:04:28Z","timestamp":1680573868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006291X01946984"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0006291X01946984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4698","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-291X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-291X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}}}