{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:56:04Z","timestamp":1790384164991,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]],"date-time":"2013-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5299,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Biology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The \u03b11 connexin (connexin43) is regarded as the major gap junction protein of the myocardium because it predominates there in mammals. Here, we show that it is not the major connexin of the working myocardium in non\u2010mammalian vertebrates, which instead express \u03b21\u2010like connexins homologous to mammalian connexin32. A phylogenetic series of hearts was immunostained with seven antibodies raised against peptide sequences specific for three distinct members of the gap junction connexin family: \u03b11, \u03b21 and \u03b15 (mammalian connexin40\/avian connexin42). Working myocardium from two ascidian chordates (Ciona and Mogula), a teleost (Carassius), a frog (Xenopus) and two reptiles (Anolis and Alligator) was found to express a \u03b21\u2010like connexin, rather than an \u03b11\u2010like connexin. An \u03b11\u2010like connexin was nevertheless often detected in other cardiac tissues. In the chicken (by ancestry a reptile), the developing myocardium expressed a \u03b21\u2010like connexin strongly on embryonic day 6 but less strongly at hatching, and minimally in the adult. Myocardial expression of \u03b15 connexin increased during development, but remained strongest in the coronary vascular endothelial and cardiac conduction tissues. The arteriolar smooth muscle of the chicken expressed \u03b11 connexin throughout development, but its myocardium did not. In contrast, the working myocardium of a marsupial mammal (the opossum <jats:italic>Trichosurus<\/jats:italic>) strongly expressed an \u03b11 connexin just like placental mammals. These results imply that a shift from \u03b21 to \u03b11 connexin expression in the heart occurred prior to the evolution of the opossums. The \u03b2 and \u03b1 connexin subfamilies have different permeabilities and gating properties, and we discuss factors that might have made this shift beneficial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1006\/cbir.1998.0295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T22:25:04Z","timestamp":1033943104000},"page":"527-543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["EXPRESSION OF MAJOR GAP JUNCTION CONNEXIN TYPES IN THE WORKING MYOCARDIUM OF EIGHT CHORDATES"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"DAVID L.","family":"BECKER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JEREMY E.","family":"COOK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CATHERINE S.","family":"DAVIES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. HOWARD","family":"EVANS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ROBERT G.","family":"GOURDIE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]]},"container-title":["Cell Biology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1006%2Fcbir.1998.0295","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1006\/cbir.1998.0295","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T13:56:59Z","timestamp":1693403819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1006\/cbir.1998.0295"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7-8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1006\/cbir.1998.0295"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/cbir.1998.0295","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1065-6995","1095-8355"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1065-6995","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-8355","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-01-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}