{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:49:22Z","timestamp":1790567362707,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,1]],"date-time":"1999-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":925516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T22:44:16Z","timestamp":1033944256000},"page":"196-205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Expression of Interferon-\u03b3 in the Lens Exacerbates Anterior Uveitis and Induces Retinal Degenerative Changes in Transgenic Lewis Rats"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Egwuagu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashid M.","family":"Mahdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Chao","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Sztein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janine A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana B.","family":"Chepelinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.749","article-title":"Cellular responses to interferon-gamma","volume":"15","author":"Boehm","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3109\/07357909609018435","article-title":"An overview of the interferon system: Signal transduction and mechanisms of action","volume":"14","author":"Kalvakolanu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Invest."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.58.4.373","article-title":"Role of interferon-\u03b3 in immune cell regulation","volume":"58","author":"Young","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Leukocyte Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(97)00019-1","article-title":"The growing family of interferon regulatory factors","volume":"8","author":"Nguyen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80468-9","article-title":"Activation of the MHC class II transactivator CIITA by interferon-\u03b3 requires cooperative interaction between Stat1 and USF-1","volume":"8","author":"Muhlethaler-Mottet","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.2.1283","article-title":"Interferon gamma-dependent induction of human intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene expression involves activation of a distinct STAT protein complex","volume":"272","author":"Naik","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24417","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.39.24417","article-title":"Binding of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-1 to the inducible nitric-oxide synthase promoter","volume":"272","author":"Spink","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05999.x","article-title":"A dominant negative mutant of 2-5-dependent RNase suppresses antiproliferative and antiviral effects of interferon","volume":"12","author":"Hassel","year":"1993","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(08)60083-4","article-title":"Interferon-induced antiviral actions and their regulation","volume":"42","author":"Sen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Adv. Virus. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.4.1242","article-title":"Induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase: A mechanism of the antitumor activity of IFN-gamma","volume":"85","author":"Ozaki","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(199711)173:2<128::AID-JCP8>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Transcription factors IRF1 and IRF2: Linking the immune responses and tumor suppression","volume":"173","author":"Taniguchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Cell. Phys."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/377362a0","article-title":"Activation of a cell cycle-regulated histone gene by the oncogenic transcription factor IRF-2","volume":"377","author":"Vaughan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF13","first-page":"1423","article-title":"The oncogenic transcription factor IRF-2 possesses a transcriptional repression and latent activation domain","volume":"9","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/1359-6101(96)00004-4","article-title":"Interferon-\u03b3 in autoimmunity","volume":"7","author":"Billiau","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830230143","article-title":"The effects of a monoclonal antibody to interferon-gamma on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT): Prevention of disease and decrease of EAT-specific T cells","volume":"23","author":"Tang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115055","article-title":"Essential role of interferon-\u03b3 and interleukin-6 in autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes in NOD\/Wehi mice","volume":"87","author":"Campbell","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410270306","article-title":"The role of interferon-gamma in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune diseases of the periferal nervous system","volume":"27","author":"Hartung","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830260735","article-title":"Interferon-\u03b3 confers resistance to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis","volume":"26","author":"Krakowski","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.1.5","article-title":"Mice with a disrupted IFN-\u03b3 gene are susceptible to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)","volume":"156","author":"Ferber","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.8.3223","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3 plays a critical down-regulatory role in the induction and effector phase of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"157","author":"Willenborg","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90629-3","article-title":"Role of aberrant HLA-DR expression and antigen presentation in induction of endocrine autoimmunity","volume":"II","author":"Bottazzo","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90628-1","article-title":"Aberrant expression of HLA-DR antigen on thyrocytes in Graves' disease: Relevance for autoimmunity","volume":"II","author":"Hanafusa","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1991.126","article-title":"Cytokines in proliferative vitreoretinopathy","volume":"5","author":"Limb","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.3109\/02713688609020059","article-title":"Expression of la antigen on retinal pigment epithelium in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis","volume":"5","author":"Chan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(85)90121-7","article-title":"Class II antigen expression and gamma interferon modulation of monocytes and retinal pigment epithelial cells from patients with retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"36","author":"Detrick","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(86)90949-9","article-title":"Expression of HLA-DR antigen on retinal pigment epithelial cells in retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"101","author":"Detrick","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF27","first-page":"1444","article-title":"Identification of the lymphokines, interferon-gamma and interleukin-2, in inflammatory eye diseases","volume":"29","author":"Detrick","year":"1988","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF28","first-page":"75","article-title":"Interferons and Autoimmunity","volume":"9","author":"Feldman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Interferon"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.2.890","article-title":"Endogenous systemic IFN-\u03b3 has a protective role against ocular autoimmunity in mice","volume":"152","author":"Caspi","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF30","first-page":"281","article-title":"Endotoxin-induced uveitis in mice. 1. Induction of uveitis and role of T lymphocytes","volume":"36","author":"Kogiso","year":"1992","journal-title":"Japan J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830260506","article-title":"IL-12 inhibits endotoxin-induced inflammation in the eye","volume":"26","author":"Whitcup","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)92863-7","article-title":"Exacerbations of multiple sclerosis in patients with gamma interferon","volume":"1","author":"Panitch","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.7.1097","article-title":"Treatment of multiple sclerosis with gamma interferon: Exacerbations associated with activation of the immune system","volume":"37","author":"Panitch","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90414-X","article-title":"Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus induced in transgenic mice by ectopic expression of class II MHC and interferon-gamma","volume":"52","author":"Sarvetnick","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1038\/346844a0","article-title":"Loss of islet tolerance induced by \u03b2-cell expressing interferon-\u03b3","volume":"346","author":"Sarvetnick","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF36","first-page":"2667","article-title":"Transgenic mice expressing IFN\u03b3 in the retina develop inflammation of the eye and photoreceptor loss","volume":"35","author":"Geiger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF37","first-page":"332","article-title":"Ectopic expression of gamma interferon in the eyes of transgenic mice induces ocular pathology and MHC class II gene expression","volume":"35","author":"Egwuagu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1994.1337","article-title":"\u03b3Interferon expression disrupts lens and retinal differentiation in transgenic mice","volume":"166","author":"Egwuagu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0997-1037","article-title":"Primary demyelination in transgenic mice expressing interferon-\u03b3","volume":"3","author":"Horwitz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/11.6.1759","article-title":"The nucleotide sequence of the rat cytoplasmic \u03b2-actin gene","volume":"11","author":"Nudel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF41","first-page":"6","article-title":"DNA sequence analysis of the rat RT1","volume":"26","author":"Barran","year":"1988","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4781(92)90107-B","article-title":"Sequence and expression of ICAM-1","volume":"1131","author":"Kita","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb1961.53.1733","article-title":"Cloning and expression inE. coli","volume":"53","author":"Shirai","year":"1989","journal-title":"Agric. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5819","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.17.5819","article-title":"Complete structure of the \u03b1B-crystallin gene: Conservation of the exon\u2013intron distribution in the two nonlinked \u03b1-crystallin genes","volume":"82","author":"Quax-Jeuken","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.5.9.2221","article-title":"Lens-specific promoter activity of a mouse \u03b3-crystallin gene","volume":"5","author":"Lok","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(84)90190-9","article-title":"The major intrinsic protein (MIP) of the bovine lens fiber membrane: Characterization and structure based on cDNA cloning","volume":"39","author":"Gorin","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.3.7.711","article-title":"Mouse Cx50, a functional member of the connexin family of gap junction proteins, is the lens fiber protein MP70","volume":"3","author":"White","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.115.4.1077","article-title":"Connexin 46, a novel lens gap junction protein, induces voltage-gated currents in nonjunctional plasma membrane of Xenopus oocytes","volume":"115","author":"Paul","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.8.2334","article-title":"Lens-specific expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene promoted by 5\u2032-flanking sequences of the murine \u03b1A-crystallin gene in explanted chicken lens epithelia","volume":"82","author":"Chepelinsky","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF50","series-title":"Uveitis: Fundamental and Clinical Practice","author":"Nussenblatt","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5343.1630","article-title":"Defective TNF\u03b1-induced apoptosis in STAT1-null cells due to low constitutive levels of caspases","volume":"278","author":"Kumar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4701_RF52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/286611a0","article-title":"Endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats as a model for human disease","volume":"286","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521661699947010?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521661699947010?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T15:54:11Z","timestamp":1680623651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521661699947010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521661699947010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/clim.1999.4701","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6616","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]}}}