{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:07:46Z","timestamp":1791220066948,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,5,1]],"date-time":"2000-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":957139200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,16]],"date-time":"2002-09-16T15:45:11Z","timestamp":1032191111000},"page":"124-134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Estrogen-Dependent Regulation of Calcineurin in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus T Cells"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Virginia","family":"Rider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie R.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabih I.","family":"Abdou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF1","first-page":"677","article-title":"Immune cell biochemical abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"15","author":"Liossis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02786511","article-title":"Immune cell signaling aberrations in human lupus","volume":"18","author":"Liossis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(98)01395-4","article-title":"Immune cell signaling defects in lupus: Activation, anergy and death","volume":"20","author":"Tsokos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780281108","article-title":"Hormonal modulation in SLE","volume":"28","author":"Jungers","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1963.03700110049009","article-title":"Effect of pregnancy on course of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"183","author":"Mund","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780231213","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"23","author":"Garovich","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400504","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"40","author":"Petri","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF8","first-page":"369","article-title":"Gonadal steroids and immunity","volume":"17","author":"Olsen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(96)00122-1","article-title":"Sex steroids, hormones and macrophage function","volume":"59","author":"Miller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199909000-00005","article-title":"The role of sex hormones in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"11","author":"Lahita","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF11","first-page":"4258","article-title":"Human estrogen receptor \u03b2-gene structure, chromosomal localization and expression pattern","volume":"82","author":"Enmark","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1999.00545.x","article-title":"Oestrogen receptors\u2014An overview","volume":"246","author":"Enmark","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12887","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.22.12887","article-title":"Survival of reproductive behaviors in estrogen receptor \u03b2 gene-deficient (\u03b2ERKO) male and female mice","volume":"96","author":"Ogawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11162","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.23.11162","article-title":"Alteration of reproductive function but not prenatal sexual development after insertional disruption of the mouse estrogen receptor gene","volume":"90","author":"Lubahn","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-11-2-201","article-title":"Steroid receptor family: Structure and functions","volume":"11","author":"Carson-Jurica","year":"1990","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.19.2.1002","article-title":"Phosphorylation of human estrogen receptor alpha by protein kinase A regulates dimerization","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199907)42:7<1458::AID-ANR20>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"High prevalence of T cell type I protein kinase A deficiency in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"42","author":"Kammer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780360809","article-title":"Presence of estrogen binding sites on macrophage-like synoviocytes and CD8+ CD29+ CD45RO+ T lymphocytes in normal and rheumatoid synovium","volume":"36","author":"Cutolo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.1120409","article-title":"Presence of oestrogen receptors in human blood mononuclear cells and thymocytes","volume":"112","author":"Weusten","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF20","first-page":"1305","article-title":"Peripheral blood T cells and monocytes, and B cell lines derived from lupus patients express estrogen receptor transcripts similar to those of normal controls","volume":"25","author":"Suenaga","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339600500311","article-title":"Binding affinity and quantity of estrogen receptor in peripheral blood monocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"5","author":"Suenaga","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.131.6.2767","article-title":"Sex steroid receptors in peripheral T cells: Absence of androgen receptors and restriction of estrogen receptors to OKT8 positive cells","volume":"131","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70503-8","article-title":"Estrogen enhances immunoglobulin production by human PBMCs","volume":"103","author":"Kanda","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199902)42:2<328::AID-ANR16>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Estrogen enhancement of anti-double stranded DNA antibody and immunoglobulin production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"42","author":"Kanda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.1.446","article-title":"Effect of estradiol on cytokine secretion by proteolipid protein-specific T cell clones isolated from multiple sclerosis patients and normal control subjects","volume":"158","author":"Gilmore","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.147.6.1568","article-title":"Effect of castration and sex hormone treatment on survival, anti-nucleic acid antibodies, and glomerulonephritis in NZB\/NZW F1 mice","volume":"147","author":"Roubinian","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1998.4604","article-title":"Gender differences in autoimmune diseases: Estrogen increases calcineurin expression in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"89","author":"Rider","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiss, A., and Littman, D. R., Signal transduction by lymphocyte antigen receptors. Cell76, 263\u2013274, 1994.","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90334-4"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13367","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.22.13367","article-title":"Regulation of the calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase, calcineurin","volume":"22","author":"Klee","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF30","series-title":"Lupus Molecular and Cellular Pathogenesis","first-page":"167","article-title":"B Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","author":"Liossis","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.4.2269","article-title":"TCR\/CD3 complex-mediate signal transduction pathway in T cells and T cell lines from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"155","author":"Vassilopoulos","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780251101","article-title":"The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"25","author":"Tan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1996.4300","article-title":"Estrogen decreases in vitro apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from women with normal menstrual cycles and decreases TNF-\u03b1 production in SLE but not in normal cultures","volume":"82","author":"Evans","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90021-2","article-title":"Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidine thiocyanate\u2013phenol\u2013chloroform extraction","volume":"162","author":"Chomczynski","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF35","first-page":"F558","article-title":"Expression of calcineurin activity and \u03b1-subunit isoforms in specific segments of the rat nephron","volume":"269","author":"Tumlin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119278","article-title":"Aldosterone and dexamethasone stimulate calcineurin activity through a transcription-independent mechanism involving steroid receptor-associated heat shock proteins","volume":"99","author":"Tumlin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3137","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.136.7.7789341","article-title":"Alternative splicing and differential targeting of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) in the pregnant rat uterus","volume":"136","author":"Rider","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.51.10.765","article-title":"Chemokine mRNA expression in gastric mucosa is associated with Helicobacter pylori cagA positivity and severity of gastritis","volume":"51","author":"Shimmoyama","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-3-2-381","article-title":"Human progesterone receptor binding to mouse mammary tumor virus deoxyribonucleic acid: Dependence on hormone and nonreceptor nuclear factor(s)","volume":"3","author":"Edwards","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF40","first-page":"307","article-title":"Cell membrane and nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) originate from a single transcript: Studies of ER\u03b1 and ER\u03b2 expressed in chinese hamster ovary cells","volume":"13","author":"Razandi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3758","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.7.3758","article-title":"Estradiol coupling to human monocyte nitric oxide release is dependent on intracellular calcium transients: Evidence for an estrogen surface receptor","volume":"163","author":"Stefano","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF42","first-page":"1489","article-title":"Ten years after: Reclassification of steroid-responsive genes","volume":"10","author":"Dean","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5925","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.12.5925","article-title":"Cloning of a novel receptor expressed in rat prostate and ovary","volume":"93","author":"Kuiper","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.7893","article-title":"The complete primary structure of human estrogen receptor \u03b2 (hER\u03b2) and its heterodimerization with ER\u03b1","volume":"243","author":"Ogawa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4270","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.15.4270","article-title":"Transcriptional targets shared by estrogen receptor-related receptors (ERRs) and estrogen receptor (ER) alpha, but not by ERbeta","volume":"18","author":"Vanacker","year":"1999","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)00413-4","article-title":"The novel estrogen receptor-\u03b2 subtype: Potential role in the cell- and promoter-specific actions of estrogens and anti-estrogens","volume":"410","author":"Kuiper","year":"1997","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2880801","article-title":"Molecular cloning and characterization of the promoter region of the calcineurin A\u03b1 gene","volume":"288","author":"Chang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF48","first-page":"S311","article-title":"Estrogen receptor (ER) proteins in cultured T cell extracts from SLE patients and normal donors bind to the human estrogen response element (ERE)","volume":"42","author":"Suenaga","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(94)90252-6","article-title":"In vitro interaction of uterine estrogen receptor with the estrogen response element present in the 3\u2032-flanking region of the murine c-fos protooncogene","volume":"48","author":"Hyder","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5331.1508","article-title":"Differential ligand activation of estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta at Academic Press sites","volume":"277","author":"Paech","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32099","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.45.32099","article-title":"Mechanisms of transcriptional activation of bcl-2 gene expression by 17\u03b2-estradiol in breast cancer cells","volume":"45","author":"Dong","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.6.6751","article-title":"Transcriptional activation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4 by 17\u03b2-estradiol in MCF-7 cells: Role of estrogen receptor\u2013Sp1 complexes","volume":"140","author":"Qin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5566","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.12.7179","article-title":"The estrogen receptor \u03b2-isoform (ER\u03b2) of the human estrogen receptor modulates ER\u03b1 transcriptional activity and is a key regulator of the cellular response to estrogens and antiestrogens","volume":"140","author":"Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-53-1-174","article-title":"Increased 16 alpha-hydroxylation of estradiol in SLE","volume":"53","author":"Lahita","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780261215","article-title":"Increased oxidation of testosterone in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"26","author":"Lahita","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4844_RF56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1155\/1998\/62380","article-title":"Estrogen-receptor expression and function in thymocytes in relation to gender and age","volume":"5","author":"Kohen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521661600948447?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521661600948447?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T18:52:22Z","timestamp":1680547942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521661600948447"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521661600948447"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/clim.2000.4844","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6616","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]}}}