{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T16:20:54Z","timestamp":1778775654259,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]],"date-time":"2001-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":996624000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,16]],"date-time":"2002-09-16T15:45:11Z","timestamp":1032191111000},"page":"181-190","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Long-Term Low-Dose IL-2 Enhances Immune Function in Common Variable Immunodeficiency"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Cunningham-Rundles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Bodian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans D.","family":"Ochs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Reiter-Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhou","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1997.00439.x","volume":"109","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01086-4","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency: How many diseases?","volume":"18","author":"Spickett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-118-9-199305010-00011","article-title":"Clinical spectrum of common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"118","author":"Sneller","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4725","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency: Clinical and immunological features of 248 patients","volume":"92","author":"Cunningham-Rundles","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF5","first-page":"31","article-title":"Primary hypogammaglobulinemia: A survey of clinical manifestations and complications","volume":"86","author":"Hermaszewski","year":"1993","journal-title":"Q. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF6","first-page":"200","article-title":"Agammaglobulinemia","volume":"66","author":"Janeway","year":"1953","journal-title":"Trans. Assoc. Am. Phys."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6008","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.19.6008","article-title":"Three distinct stages of B-cell defect in common varied immunodeficiency","volume":"79","author":"Saiki","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(90)90145-G","article-title":"Classification of patients with common variable immunodeficiency by B-cell secretion of IgM and IgG in response to anti-IgM and interleukin 2","volume":"56","author":"Bryant","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110305","article-title":"Abnormalities of T cell maturation and regulation in human beings with immunodeficiency disorders","volume":"68","author":"Reinherz","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00915478","article-title":"Impaired proliferative response to B lymphocyte activators in common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"1","author":"Cunningham-Rundles","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(88)90117-1","article-title":"In vitro induction of T cell dependent B cell differentiation in patients with common varied immunodeficiency","volume":"49","author":"Stohl","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01239.x","article-title":"Enhanced apoptosis of T cells in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID): Role of defective CD28 co-stimulation","volume":"120","author":"Di Renzo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1994.tb06228.x","article-title":"Failure in antigen responses by T cells from patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)","volume":"96","author":"Stagg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1997.d01-993.x","article-title":"Lack of specific antibody response in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) associated with failure in production of antigen-specific memory T cells","volume":"108","author":"Kondratenko","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Imunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1992.tb08201.x","article-title":"Abnormal CD45R expression in patients with common variable immunodeficiency and X-linked agammaglobulinemia","volume":"81","author":"Richards","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.3.1099","article-title":"CD40 ligand expression is defective in a subset of patients with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"91","author":"Farrington","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00915297","article-title":"Interleukin-2 correction of defective in vitro T cell mitogenesis in patients with common varied immunodeficiency","volume":"4","author":"Kruger","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(87)90066-3","article-title":"Defective T cell activation in common variable immunodeficiency is restored by phorbol myristatic acetate (PMA) or allogeneic macroPhages","volume":"44","author":"Fiedler","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF19","first-page":"334","article-title":"Peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with common variable immunodeficiency produce reduced levels of interleukin-4, interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma, but proliferate normally upon activation with mitogens","volume":"78","author":"Pastorelli","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3762","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.10.3762","article-title":"Abnormalities of lymphokine gene expression in patients with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"144","author":"Sneller","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(92)90058-V","article-title":"Restoration of immunoglobulin secretion in common variable immunodeficiency by in vitro treatment with polyethylene glycol conjugated human recombinant interleukin-2","volume":"64","author":"Cunningham-Rundles","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.1995.15.269","article-title":"Immunologic effects of low dose polyethylene glycol-conjugated human recombinant interleukin-2 in common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"15","author":"Cunningham-Rundles","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199410063311405","article-title":"Enhanced humoral immunity in vivo in common variable immunodeficiency after long term subcutaneous polyethylene glycol-conjugated interleukin-2","volume":"331","author":"Cunningham-Rundles","year":"1994","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.1.209","article-title":"Immunogenicity of recombinant IL-2 modified by covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol","volume":"144","author":"Katre","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.6.1487","article-title":"Chemical modification of recombinant interleukin-2 by polytheylene glycol increases its potency in the murine meth A sarcoma model","volume":"84","author":"Katre","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105465","article-title":"Antibody studies in hypogammaglobulinemia","volume":"45","author":"Ching","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106756","article-title":"Immunologic responses to bacteriophage \u03c6X 174 in immunodeficiency diseases","volume":"50","author":"Ochs","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(89)90024-X","article-title":"Human antibody responses to bacteriophage \u03c6X 174: Sequential induction of IgM and IgG subclass antibody","volume":"51","author":"Pyun","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF29","series-title":"Progress in Immunity","first-page":"269","article-title":"The variables regulating T cell growth","author":"Smith","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90152-G","article-title":"The IL-2\/IL-2 receptor system: An overview","volume":"73","author":"Taniguchi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1202049","article-title":"The Bcl-2 gene is differentially regulated by IL-2 and IL-4: Role of the transcription factor NF-AT","volume":"10","author":"Gomez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10220","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.15.10220","article-title":"Intermediate affinity interleukin-2 receptor mediates survival via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase dependent pathway","volume":"11","author":"Gonzalez-Garcia","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF33","first-page":"86","article-title":"Patterns of relapse and response to retreatment in patients with metastatic melanoma or renal cell carcinoma who responded to interleukin-2-based immunotherapy","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer J. Sci. Am."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF34","first-page":"296","article-title":"Recombinant human interleukin-2 (r-IL-2) therapy in primary immunodeficiency","volume":"83","author":"Buckley","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Allergey Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF35","first-page":"541","article-title":"Polyethylene glycol IL-2 (PEG-IL-2 treatment in T cell immunodeficiency","volume":"92","author":"Weinberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10405","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.19.10405","article-title":"Rational interleukin-2 therapy for HIV positive individuals: Daily low doses enhance immune function without toxicity","volume":"93","author":"Jacobsen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1086\/314831","article-title":"Efficacy of low-dose subcutaneous interleukin-2 to treat advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in persons with < 1 = 250\/muL CD4 T cells and undetectable plasma virus load","volume":"180","author":"Arno","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199610313351803","article-title":"Controlled trial of interleukin-2 infusions in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"335","author":"Kovacs","year":"1996","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1990.tb02897.x","article-title":"Intradermal recombinant interleukin-2 enhances peripheral blood T cell responses to mitogen and antigens in patients with lepromatous leprosy","volume":"32","author":"Converse","year":"1990","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8479(97)90026-5","article-title":"rhuIL-2 adjunctive therapy in multidrug resistant tuberculosis: A comparison of two treatment regimens and placebo","volume":"78","author":"Johnson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Tuber. Lung Dis."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(94)90016-7","article-title":"Adjuvant effect of low-dose interleukin-2 on antibody response to influenza virus vaccination in healthy elderly subjects","volume":"16","author":"Provinciali","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4837","article-title":"Low-dose IL-2 reduces lymphocyte apoptosis and increases naive CD4 cells in HIV-1 patients treated with HAART","volume":"94","author":"Pandolfi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1080\/00365549950163950","article-title":"Improvement of lymphocyte proliferation in human immunodeficiency virus infection after recombinant interleukin-2 treatment","volume":"31","author":"Afzelius","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.01012.x","article-title":"Induction of HIV-1-specific T cell responses by administration of cytokines in late-stage patients receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy","volume":"118","author":"Imami","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2038","article-title":"Ultra low dose interleukin-2 therapy promotes a type 1 cytokine profile in vivo in patients with AIDS and AIDS-associated malignancies","volume":"101","author":"Khatri","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00946.x","article-title":"CD95 expression and function on lymphocyte subpopulations in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID); related to increased apoptosis","volume":"117","author":"Iglesias","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052_RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1997.tb08313.x","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover therapy study with natural human IL-2 (nhuIL-2) in combination with regular intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG) infusions in 10 patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)","volume":"110","author":"Rump","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521661601950521?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521661601950521?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T02:49:16Z","timestamp":1680576556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521661601950521"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521661601950521"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/clim.2001.5052","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6616","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]}}}