{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T17:27:33Z","timestamp":1772040453815,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,1]],"date-time":"2002-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1014940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,1]],"date-time":"2002-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1014940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001844","name":"Scleroderma Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T14:32:46Z","timestamp":1033914766000},"page":"225-236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Thalidomide Induces Granuloma Differentiation in Sarcoid Skin Lesions Associated with Disease Improvement"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toyoko","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James G.","family":"Krueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilla","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.2.ats4-99","volume":"160","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704243361706","article-title":"Sarcoidosis","volume":"336","author":"Newman","year":"1997","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF3","first-page":"109","article-title":"Dermatological aspects of sarcoidosis","volume":"28","author":"James","year":"1959","journal-title":"Quart. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(60)90009-7","article-title":"Course and prognosis of sarcoidosis","volume":"29","author":"Sones","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.111.3.623","article-title":"Outcome in sarcoidosis","volume":"111","author":"Gottlieb","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF6","series-title":"Sarcoidosis: Clinical Management","author":"Sharma","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3034","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.6.3034","article-title":"Cytokine patterns in tuberculous and sarcoid granulomas: Correlations with histopathologic features of the granulomatous response","volume":"159","author":"Bergeron","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4952","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.12.4952","article-title":"Enhanced expression of IL-12 associated with Th1 cytokine profiles in active pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"156","author":"Moller","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF9","first-page":"747","article-title":"Current concepts of the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis","volume":"135","author":"Thomas","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113678","article-title":"Spontaneous expression of the interleukin 2 receptor gene and presence of functional interleukin 2 receptors on T lymphocytes in the blood of individuals with active pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"82","author":"Konishi","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113715","article-title":"Bias toward use of a specific T cell receptor beta-chain variable region in a subgroup of individuals with sarcoidosis","volume":"82","author":"Moller","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.3.1450","article-title":"Selection of oligoclonal V beta-specific T cells in the intradermal response to Kveim-Siltzbach reagent in individuals with sarcoidosis","volume":"154","author":"Klein","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.52.2008.S47","article-title":"Mycobacteria and sarcoidosis","volume":"52","author":"Kon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1996.tb52662.x","article-title":"Role of T1 and T2 cytokines in the response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"795","author":"Flynn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12381958","article-title":"Th1-Th2 paradigm: Insights from leprosy","volume":"102","author":"Modlin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.8.1045","article-title":"Cutaneous sarcoidosis successfully treated with low doses of thalidomide [Letter]","volume":"134","author":"Rousseau","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)91549-4","article-title":"Treatment of cutaneous and pulmonary sarcoidosis with thalidomide","volume":"32","author":"Carlesimo","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF18","first-page":"963","article-title":"[Cutaneous sarcoidosis. Treatment with thalidomide (Letter)]","volume":"12","author":"Barriere","year":"1983","journal-title":"Presse Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF19","first-page":"611","article-title":"[Sarcoidosis: Thalidomide treatment in ten patients]","volume":"128","author":"Estines","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.11.1885","article-title":"Thalidomide costimulates primary human T lymphocytes, preferentially inducing proliferation, cytokine production, and cytotoxic responses in the CD8+ subset","volume":"187","author":"Haslett","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4920","article-title":"Immune stimulation in scleroderma patients treated with thalidomide","volume":"97","author":"Oliver","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1089\/088922299310269","article-title":"Thalidomide stimulates T cell responses and interleukin 12 production in HIV-infected patients","volume":"15","author":"Haslett","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1086\/315328","article-title":"Thalidomide-induced antigen-specific immune stimulation in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and tuberculosis","volume":"181","author":"Bekker","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(52)90208-8","article-title":"Effects of cortisone in sarcoidosis","volume":"12","author":"Siltzbach","year":"1952","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.1996.0395","article-title":"Interleukin-12: An immunoregulatory cytokine produced by B cells and antigen-presenting cells","volume":"11","author":"Sartori","year":"1997","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF26","series-title":"The Granulomatous Disorders","first-page":"132","article-title":"Tuberculosis","author":"Zumla","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.3.1851","article-title":"CD1 expression by dendritic cells in human leprosy lesions: Correlation with effective host immunity","volume":"162","author":"Sieling","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.1.380","article-title":"Differential cytokine modulation and T cell activation by two distinct classes of thalidomide analogues that are potent inhibitors of TNF-alpha","volume":"163","author":"Corral","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(96)80606-2","article-title":"The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more","volume":"17","author":"Mosmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401909","article-title":"Selection of novel analogs of thalidomide with enhanced tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitory activity","volume":"2","author":"Corral","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.6.1675","article-title":"Thalidomide exerts its inhibitory action on tumor necrosis factor alpha by enhancing mRNA degradation","volume":"177","author":"Moreira","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5157","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.10.5157","article-title":"Inhibition of IL-12 production by thalidomide","volume":"159","author":"Moller","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5396.2085","article-title":"Defective LPS signaling in C3H\/HeJ and C57BL\/10 ScCr mice: Mutations in Tlr4 gene","volume":"282","author":"Poltorak","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.1.359","article-title":"Antigen-driven but not lipopolysaccharide-driven IL-12 production in macrophages requires triggering of CD40","volume":"158","author":"DeKruyff","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5405.1183","article-title":"Reciprocal control of T helper cell and dendritic cell differentiation","volume":"283","author":"Rissoan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF36","series-title":"Effects of Microbes on the Immune System","first-page":"151","article-title":"Leprosy: Immune mechanisms in disease","author":"Kaplan","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.8.3231-3234.1995","article-title":"T-cell cytokine responses in human infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"63","author":"Zhang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1997.tb01046.x","article-title":"Circulating profile of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in tuberculosis patients with different degrees of pulmonary involvement","volume":"18","author":"Dlugovitzky","year":"1997","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5673","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.12.5673-5678.1994","article-title":"Immune responsiveness and lymphokine production in patients with tuberculosis and healthy controls","volume":"62","author":"Sanchez","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.5.2515","article-title":"IL-12 increases resistance of BALB\/c mice to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"155","author":"Flynn","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF41","series-title":"Tuberculosis","first-page":"343","article-title":"Mechanisms of anergy","author":"Karim","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI9918","article-title":"IL-10-producing T cells suppress immune responses in anergic tuberculosis patients","volume":"105","author":"Boussiotis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-3879(57)80069-5","article-title":"Skin tests in sarcoidosis","volume":"38","author":"Citron","year":"1957","journal-title":"Tubercle"},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF44","first-page":"477","article-title":"Development of sensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene in patients with sarcoidosis","volume":"2","author":"Jones","year":"1967","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-40-2-260","article-title":"Altered immunologic reactions in sarcoidosis","volume":"40","author":"Sones","year":"1954","journal-title":"Ann. Int. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1955.81","article-title":"The mumps skin test and complement fixation test as a diagnostic aid in sarcoidosis","volume":"24","author":"Quinn","year":"1955","journal-title":"J. Invest. Derm."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF47","first-page":"575","article-title":"Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin test in patients with sarcoidosis","volume":"112","author":"Kataria","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-64-3-508","article-title":"Altered immunologic activity in sarcoidosis","volume":"64","author":"Buckley","year":"1966","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5173_RF49","first-page":"379","article-title":"Activation of peripheral T cells of sarcoidosis patients and healthy controls","volume":"18","author":"Hedfors","year":"1974","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521661601951733?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521661601951733?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T15:54:50Z","timestamp":1761494090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521661601951733"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521661601951733"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/clim.2001.5173","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6616","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Thalidomide Induces Granuloma Differentiation in Sarcoid Skin Lesions Associated with Disease Improvement","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/clim.2001.5173","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}