{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T09:16:06Z","timestamp":1776935766951,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]],"date-time":"2000-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":951868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,16]],"date-time":"2002-09-16T15:46:56Z","timestamp":1032191216000},"page":"271-279","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Rabbit Pigmented Ciliary Epithelium Produces Interleukin-6 in Response to Inflammatory Cytokines"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"LLOYD N.","family":"FLEISHER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.CHRISTINE","family":"McGAHAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JENNY B.","family":"FERRELL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3517","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.11.3517","article-title":"IL-inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor production in cultured human monocytes, U937 cells, and in mice","volume":"143","author":"Aderka","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.4.11.2199284","article-title":"Biology of multifunctional cytokines: IL 6 and related molecules (IL 1 and TNF)","volume":"4","author":"Akira","year":"1990","journal-title":"Faseb J."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5460","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00318a013","article-title":"Reconstitution of catecholamine-stimulated binding of guanosine 5-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) to the stimulatory GTP-binding protein of adenylate cyclase","volume":"23","author":"Asano","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biochem."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050476","article-title":"The effect of TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 on the permeability of the rat blood-retinal barrier in vivo","volume":"91","author":"Bamforth","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.61.4.1496-1499.1993","article-title":"Protective role of interleukin 6 in the lipopolysaccharide-galactosamine septic shock model","volume":"61","author":"Barton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF6","first-page":"192","article-title":"The endogenous mediator of endotoxic shock","volume":"35","author":"Beutler","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1975.tb07595.x","article-title":"Release of prostaglandin-like substances by Shigella endotoxin and its inhibition by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compounds","volume":"54","author":"Bhattacherjee","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1993.1042","article-title":"Prostaglandin receptors coupled to adenylyl cyclase in the iris-ciliary body of rabbits, cats and cows","volume":"56","author":"Bhattacherjee","year":"1993","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1994.1116","article-title":"Na (+)-, Cl (-)- and HCO3(-)-dependent base uptake in the ciliary body pigment epithelium","volume":"59","author":"Butler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(92)90223-B","article-title":"\"In vitro\u2019' effect of interleukin-1 beta on human glioma cell lines: regulation of cell proliferation and IL-6 production","volume":"34","author":"Cinque","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunology Letters."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117392","article-title":"Alveolar type II epithelial cells produce interleukin-6 in vitro and in vivo. Regulation by alveolar macrophage secretory products","volume":"94","author":"Crestani","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689208999530","article-title":"Analysis of IL-6 levels in human vitreous fluid obtained from uveitis patients, patients with proliferative intraocular disorders and eye bank eyes","volume":"11","author":"de Boer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF13","first-page":"1100","article-title":"Kinetics of intraocular tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 in endotoxin-induced uveitis in the rat","volume":"35","author":"De Vos","year":"1994","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3109\/08923979509052719","article-title":"Enhancement of polymorphonuclear cell phagocytosis by lipid A-activated monocytes via cell-to-cell contact: a possible role for membrane-associated interleukin-6 and interleukin-8","volume":"17","author":"Decandia","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dendorfer, U., Oettgen, P. and Libermann, T. A. (1994). Multiplicity regulatory elements in the interleukin-6 gene mediate induction by prostaglandins, cyclic AMP, and lipopolysaccharide. Molecular & Cellular Biology. 14, 4443\u201354.","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.14.7.4443"},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V77.8.1627.1627","article-title":"Interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 antagonism","volume":"77","author":"Dinarello","year":"1991","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF17","first-page":"7","article-title":"Anti cytokine strategies","volume":"3","author":"Dinarello","year":"1992","journal-title":"Europ. Cytokine Network."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edelman, J. L., Sachs, G. and Adorante, J. S. (1994). Ion transport asymmetry and functional coupling in bovine pigmented and nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 266, C1210\u2013C1221.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1994.266.5.C1210"},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.145.1.161","article-title":"IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor synergistically stimulate fibroblast IL-6 production and stabilize IL-6 messenger RNA","volume":"145","author":"Elias","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(92)90048-W","article-title":"Interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene expression and secretion by cytokine-stimulated human retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"54","author":"Elner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1989.sp017829","article-title":"Voltage-activated currents recorded from rabbit pigmented ciliary body epithelial cells in culture","volume":"417","author":"Fain","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Lond.)."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.142.6.1977","article-title":"High-affinity receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide on human myeloma cells","volume":"142","author":"Finch","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF23","first-page":"2120","article-title":"Synergistic uveitic effects of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and interleukin-1\u03b2","volume":"33","author":"Fleisher","year":"1992","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1996.0095","article-title":"Interleukin-1\u03b2 increases prostaglandin E2stimulated adenosine 3,5-cyclic monophosphate production in rabbit pigmented ciliary epithelium","volume":"63","author":"Fleisher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.6.5187","volume":"138","author":"Garrel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF26","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Regulation of interleukin 6 expression in murine bone marrow stromal cells","volume":"19","author":"Gimble","year":"1991","journal-title":"Experimental Hematology."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.64051945.x","article-title":"Synergistic stimulation of interleukin 6 release and gene expression by phorbol esters and interleukin 1 beta in rat cortical astrocytes: role of protein kinase C activation and blockade","volume":"64","author":"Grimaldi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1994.63010344.x","article-title":"Vasoactive intestinal peptide and forskolin stimulate interleukin 6 production by rat cortical astrocytes in culture via a cyclic AMP-dependent, prostaglandin-independent mechanism","volume":"63","author":"Grimaldi","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF29","first-page":"88","article-title":"Analysis of interleukin-6 in endotoxin-induced uveitis","volume":"32","author":"Hoekzema","year":"1991","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF30","first-page":"532","article-title":"Endotoxin-induced uveitis in the rat. The significance of intraocular interleukin-6","volume":"33","author":"Hoekzema","year":"1992","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4081","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.8.4081","article-title":"Neutralization of endogenous IL-6 suppresses induction of IL-1 receptor antagonist","volume":"154","author":"Jordan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.240450404","article-title":"Expression and function of interleukin-6 in epithelial cells","volume":"45","author":"Krueger","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF33","first-page":"265","article-title":"TGF-beta and IL-1 beta act in synergy to enhance IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels and IL-6 production by human retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"84","author":"Kuppner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.70041577.x","article-title":"Substance P an histamine induce interleukin-6 expression in human astrocytoma cells by a mechanism involving protein kinase C","volume":"70","author":"Lieb","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1991.126","article-title":"Cytokines in proliferative vitreoretinopathy","volume":"5","author":"Limb","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eye."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-129-3-1513","article-title":"The modulation of the expression of IL-6 and its receptor in human osteoblasts in vitro","volume":"129","author":"Littlewood","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(93)90286-8","article-title":"Norepinephrine and vasoactive intestinal peptide induce IL-6 secretion by astrocytes: synergism with IL-1 beta and TNF alpha","volume":"47","author":"Maimone","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(98)00018-6","article-title":"VIP and PACAP enhance IL-6 release and mRNA levels in resting peritoneal macrophages: in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"85","author":"Martinez","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(89)92206-7","article-title":"Interleukin-6 gene expression in human endothelial cells, RNA start sites, multiple IL-6 proteins, and inhibition of proliferation","volume":"159","author":"May","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4179(97)90079-2","article-title":"Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) induces IL-6 and IL-8, but not G-CSF and GM-CSF release from a human bronchial epithelial cell line","volume":"31","author":"Mullol","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuropeptides."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF41","first-page":"917","article-title":"Aqueous humor interleukin-6 levels in uveitis","volume":"31","author":"Murray","year":"1990","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF42","first-page":"33","article-title":"Dominance of activated T cells and interleukin-6 in aqueous humor in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"35","author":"Norose","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12874977","article-title":"Cytokine modulation of adhesion molecules in the regulation of immunologic cytotoxicity of epidermal targets","volume":"95","author":"Norris","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.2.841","article-title":"Signal transduction pathways mediating astrocyte IL-6 induction by IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha","volume":"152","author":"Norris","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(96)00005-2","article-title":"Effects of prostaglandins and cyclic AMP on cytokine production in rat leukocytes","volume":"300","author":"Oh-ishi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1991.tb05118.x","article-title":"Interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha are expressed by keratinocytes but not by Langerhans cells","volume":"99","author":"Oxholm","year":"1991","journal-title":"APMIS."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1159\/000054383","article-title":"Dexamethasone rapidly regulates TRH mRNA levels in hypothalamic cell cultures: interaction with the cAMP pathway","volume":"68","author":"Perez-Martinez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(74)38057-3","article-title":"The preparation of acylated derivatives of cyclic nucleotides","volume":"38","author":"Posterak","year":"1974","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF49","first-page":"64","article-title":"Interleukin-6 does not mediate endotoxin-induced uveitis in mice: Studies in gene deletion animals","volume":"39","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1998","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/286611a0","article-title":"Endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats as a model for human disease","volume":"286","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V75.1.40.40","article-title":"Correlations and interactions in the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in human blood monnuclear cells: IL-6 suppresses IL-1 and TNF","volume":"75","author":"Schindler","year":"1990","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9799","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)68694-1","article-title":"Activation of adenylate cyclase by the diterpene forskolin does not require the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein","volume":"256","author":"Seamon","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.142.2.549","article-title":"IL-1 stimulates IL-6 production in endothelial cells","volume":"142","author":"Sironi","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-129-4-1797","article-title":"Neuropeptide regulation of interleukin-6 production from the pituitary: stimulation by pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide and calcitonin gene-related peptide","volume":"129","author":"Tatsuno","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V83.1.113.113","article-title":"Interleukin-6 (IL-6) as an anti-inflammatory cytokine: induction of circulating IL-1 receptor antagonist and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor p55","volume":"83","author":"Tilg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF56","first-page":"1097","article-title":"Intratracheal injection of endotoxin and cytokines. II. Interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor beta inhibit acute inflammation","volume":"138","author":"Ulich","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9679","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.24.9679","article-title":"Purification and NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of a new T cell-derived lymphokine with growth factor activity for B cell hybridomas","volume":"83","author":"Van Snick","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(98)00051-4","article-title":"Catecholamines and lipopolysaccharide synergistically induce the release of interleukin-6 from thymic epithelial cells","volume":"86","author":"von Patay","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6802","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.18.6802","article-title":"Enhancement of cAMP levels and of protein kinase activity by tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 in human fibroblasts: role in the induction of interleukin 6","volume":"85","author":"Zhang","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America."},{"key":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0787_RF60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, D., Munster, A. and Winchurch, R. A. (1991). Pathologic concentrations of interleukin 6 inhibit T cell responses via induction of activation of TGF-\u03b2. FASEB J. 5, 2582\u20132585.","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.5.11.1868982"}],"container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001448359990787X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001448359990787X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T18:57:07Z","timestamp":1680548227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001448359990787X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S001448359990787X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/exer.1999.0787","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]}}}