{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T12:51:20Z","timestamp":1770987080306,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,1]],"date-time":"2002-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1028160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental and Molecular Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T19:53:18Z","timestamp":1033933998000},"page":"19-27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Antibodies to Squalene in Recipients of Anthrax Vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Pamela B.","family":"Asa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russell B.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Garry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Postinfection and postvaccinal antianthrax immunity in human subjects","volume":"6","author":"Abalakin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Zh. Mikrobiol. Epidemiol. Immunobiol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1006\/exmp.2000.2314","article-title":"Letter to the editor","volume":"68","author":"Alving","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1006\/exmp.1999.2295","article-title":"Antibodies to squalene in Gulf War Syndrome","volume":"68","author":"Asa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1006\/exmp.2000.2315","article-title":"Reply to letter to the editor","volume":"68","author":"Asa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1999.00899.x","article-title":"Human responses to human anthrax vaccine","volume":"87","author":"Baillie","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(85)90368-5","article-title":"The role of antigen in the activation of regulatory T cells by immune B cells","volume":"96","author":"Baker","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01973260","article-title":"Modifications in the establishment of allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats: An improved assay for immunosuppressant drugs","volume":"6","author":"Beck","year":"1976","journal-title":"Agents Actions"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF8","first-page":"223","article-title":"Chronology of systemic disease development in 300 symptomatic recipients of silicone gel-filled breast implants","volume":"5","author":"Brawer","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clean Technol. Environ. Toxicol. Occup. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1993.1071","article-title":"Experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis (EAAU). III. Induction by immunization with purified uveal and skin melanins","volume":"56","author":"Broekhuyse","year":"1993","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF10","first-page":"127","article-title":"Antibody production and the anamnestic reaction","volume":"28","author":"Cannon","year":"1942","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65077-8","article-title":"The endogenous adjuvant squalene can induce chronic T-cell mediated arthritis in rats","volume":"156","author":"Carlson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF12","first-page":"13","article-title":"Cell cooperation in immune responses","volume":"44","author":"Carnaud","year":"1994","journal-title":"Rev. Prat."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1989.tb00130.x","article-title":"Testicular dysfunction in the adjuvant-induced arthritic rat","volume":"10","author":"Clemons","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF14","unstructured":"Cohen, W. A. 1997, Defense Department to start immunizing troops against anthrax. U.S. Department of Defense News Release No. 679-97, December 15, 1997, http:\/\/www.defenselink.mil\/news\/Dec1997\/b12151997_bt679-97.html."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF15","unstructured":"Cohen, W. A. 1998a, Accelerated anthrax vaccination program to enhance force protection announced. U.S. Department of Defense News Release No. 094-98, March 3, 1998, http:\/\/www.defenselink.mil\/news\/Mar1998\/b03031998_bt094-98.html."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF16","unstructured":"Cohen, W. A. 1998b, Total force anthrax vaccination decision announced. U.S. Department of Defense News Release No. 255-98, May 22, 1998, http:\/\/www.defenselink.mil\/news\/May1998\/b05221998_bt255-98.html."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7179.290","article-title":"Clinical findings for the first 1000 Gulf War veterans in the Ministry of Defence's medical assessment programme","volume":"318","author":"Coker","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF18","unstructured":"Committee on Government Reform Hearings for the United States House of Representatives, October 3rd and 11th, 2000, Accountability of DoD, FDA and BioPort Officials for the Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program (AVIP), http:\/\/www.house.gov\/reform\/hearings\/healthcare\/00.10.03\/accountability.doc."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(94)90148-1","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis protective antigen expressed in Salmonella typhimurium SL 3261 affords protection against anthrax spore challenge","volume":"12","author":"Coulson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7076.239","article-title":"Gulf War illness","volume":"314","author":"David","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02538089","article-title":"Gas chromatographic analysis of reactive carbonyl compounds formed from lipids upon UV-irradiation","volume":"25","author":"Dennis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1998.1283","article-title":"Dendritic cells internalize vaccine adjuvant after intramuscular injection","volume":"186","author":"Dupuis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.56.2.349-356.1988","article-title":"Immunological analysis of cell-associated antigens of Bacillus anthracis","volume":"56","author":"Ezzell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Infect. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.22.2104","article-title":"Anthrax vaccines: Evidence for safety and efficacy against inhalation anthrax","volume":"282","author":"Friedlander","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF25","first-page":"335","article-title":"Anthrax: Clinical features, pathogenesis, and potential biological warfare threat","volume":"20","author":"Friedlander","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Clin. Top. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.11.981","article-title":"Chronic multisystem disease affecting Air Force veterans of the Gulf War","volume":"280","author":"Fukuda","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-2993(99)80072-4","article-title":"The experimental squalene encephaloneuropathy in the rat","volume":"51","author":"Gajkowska","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF28","first-page":"1079","article-title":"Ambivalent properties of gold drugs in adjuvant-induced polyarthritis in rats","volume":"12","author":"Garrett","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Rheum."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.53.8.502","article-title":"Systemic sclerosis in Iceland: A national epidemiological study","volume":"53","author":"Geirsson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF30","first-page":"20","article-title":"The controversial anthrax vaccine","volume":"9","author":"Goldstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nurs. Spect. (Washington, DC)"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.66.10.592","article-title":"The threat of bioterrorism: A reason to learn more about anthrax and smallpox","volume":"66","author":"Gordon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cleve. Clin. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S1046-199X(96)90057-3","article-title":"Immunoregulatory mechanisms involved in the elicitation of allergic contact sensitivity","volume":"7","author":"Grabbe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Contact Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.4.367","article-title":"Rheumatic findings in Gulf War veterans","volume":"158","author":"Grady","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(93)90033-4","article-title":"Potency testing of bacterial vaccines for human use","volume":"37","author":"Habig","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-146-03-07","article-title":"Adverse reactions to anthrax immunization in a military field hospital","volume":"146","author":"Hayes","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. R. Army Med. Corps"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5406.1279","article-title":"The looming threat of bioterrorism","volume":"283","author":"Henderson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1711.1998.00776.x","article-title":"The logic of intercellular communication in the immune system","volume":"76","author":"Hodgkin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7246.1363","article-title":"Role of vaccinations as risk factors for ill health in veterans of the Gulf War: Cross sectional study","volume":"320","author":"Hotopf","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1994.1109","article-title":"Murine experimental autoimmune hepatitis: Nonspecific inflammation due to adjuvant oil","volume":"72","author":"Howell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.19.9.690.31543","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis: Medical issues of biological warfare","volume":"19","author":"Ibrahim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1159\/000013893","article-title":"Passive transfer of experimental autoimmune labyrinthitis","volume":"5","author":"Ikezono","year":"2000","journal-title":"Audiol. Neurootol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.18.1735","article-title":"Anthrax as a biological weapon: Medical and public health management: Working Group on Civil Biodefense","volume":"281","author":"Inglesby","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)11339-9","article-title":"Is there a Gulf War syndrome?","volume":"353","author":"Ismail","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.52.2.454-458.1986","article-title":"Immunizations studies with attenuated strains of Bacillus anthracis","volume":"52","author":"Ivins","year":"1986","journal-title":"Infect. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00152686","article-title":"Recent advances in the development of an improved human anthrax vaccine","volume":"4","author":"Ivins","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.60.2.662-668.1992","article-title":"Immunization against anthrax with Bacillus anthracis protective antigen combined with adjuvants","volume":"60","author":"Ivins","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infect. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(94)90027-2","article-title":"Efficacy of a standard human anthrax vaccine against Bacillus anthracis spore challenge in guinea pigs","volume":"12","author":"Ivins","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)80112-6","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of experimental anthrax vaccine against inhalation anthrax in rhesus macaques","volume":"16","author":"Ivins","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF49","unstructured":"Johnson, A. D, and, Spero, L. 1981, Comparison of growth and toxin production in two vaccine strains of Bacillus anthracis, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 4, 1479."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF50","first-page":"15","article-title":"An evaluation of several adjuvant emulsion regimens for the production of polyclonal antisera in rabbits","volume":"41","author":"Johnston","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lab. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.41.2.391-418.1977","article-title":"Fatty acids of the Genus Bacillus: An example of branched-chain preference","volume":"41","author":"Kaneda","year":"1977","journal-title":"Bacteriol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.17.2.244-249.1977","article-title":"Effect of oil composition on both adjuvant-induced arthritis and delayed hypersensitivity to purified protein derivative and peptidoglycans in various rat strains","volume":"17","author":"Kohashi","year":"1977","journal-title":"Infect. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91296-3","article-title":"BCG and immunological anergy","volume":"i","author":"Lamoureux","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(94)90022-1","article-title":"Evaluation of several adjuvants as alternatives to the use of Freund's adjuvant in rabbits","volume":"40","author":"Leenaars","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF55","first-page":"87","article-title":"Influence of route of injection on efficacy and side effects of immunization","volume":"15","author":"Leenaars","year":"1998","journal-title":"ALTEX"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(97)00133-5","article-title":"Immune responses and side effects of five different oil-based adjuvants in mice","volume":"61","author":"Leenaars","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1258\/002367798780599884","article-title":"Assessment of side effects induced by injection of different adjuvant\/antigen combinations in rabbits and mice","volume":"32","author":"Leenaars","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lab. Anim."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1086\/501700","article-title":"The threat of biological terrorism: A public health and infection control reality","volume":"21","author":"Leggidro","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF59","first-page":"193","article-title":"Comparison of immune response potentiation and in vivo inflammatory effects of Freund's and RIBI adjuvants in mice","volume":"42","author":"Lipman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lab. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF60","first-page":"1532","article-title":"Susceptibility to oil-induced arthritis in the DA rat is determined by MHC and non-MHC genes","volume":"27","author":"Lorentzen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans. Proc."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(97)00018-3","article-title":"Comparative susceptibility of DA, LEW, and LEW.1AV1 rats to arthritis induced with different arthritigens: Mineral oil, mycobacteria, muramyl dipeptide, avridine and rat collagen type II","volume":"29","author":"Lorentzen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trans. Proc."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1999.00463.x","article-title":"Identification of arthritigenic adjuvants of self and foreign origin","volume":"49","author":"Lorentzen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF63","first-page":"330","article-title":"Large-scale production of Bacillus anthracis in anaerobic culture","volume":"3","author":"Lynch","year":"1963","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(00)00268-4","article-title":"Induction and detection of antibodies to squalene","volume":"245","author":"Matyas","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF65","first-page":"260","article-title":"Protecting the health of U.S. military forces: A national obligation","volume":"71","author":"Mazzuchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aviat. Space Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1995.207.07.0936","article-title":"Myositis, lameness, and paraparesis associated with use of an oil-adjuvant bacterin in beef cows","volume":"207","author":"McAllister","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(97)00268-5","article-title":"Protective efficacy of a recombinant protective antigen against Bacillus anthracis challenge and assessment of immunological markers","volume":"16","author":"McBride","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)60294-8","article-title":"Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases in Rochester, Minnesota, 1950 through 1979","volume":"60","author":"Michet","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-765X.1998.00274.x","article-title":"Production and purification of recombinant protective antigen and protective efficacy against Bacillus anthracis","volume":"26","author":"Miller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)76173-0","article-title":"U.S. military face punishment for refusing anthrax vaccine [News]","volume":"353","author":"Morris","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1996.23","article-title":"Antigen presentation in allergic sensitization","volume":"74","author":"Mudde","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF72","first-page":"643","article-title":"Amplification of cell-associated immunological memory by secondary antigenic stimulus: Secondary type increase in memory","volume":"29","author":"Nakashima","year":"1975","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF73","first-page":"267","article-title":"Purification of bacterial exotoxins: The case for botulinum, tetanus, anthrax, pertussis, and cholera toxins","volume":"3","author":"Paschenia","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bioseparation"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430030050005","volume":"155","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF75","first-page":"499","article-title":"Uveitis and arthritis induced by adjuvant: Clinical, immunological, and histological characteristics","volume":"16","author":"Petty","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.5.429","article-title":"Anthrax as a potential biological warfare agent","volume":"158","author":"Pile","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(00)00174-2","article-title":"Anthrax vaccine: Increasing intervals between the first two doses enhances antibody responses in humans","volume":"19","author":"Pittman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689209001790","article-title":"A new effective and non-harmful chemical adjuvant for the induction of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis","volume":"11","author":"Roberge","year":"1992","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF79","first-page":"229","article-title":"Pathogenesis of inflammatory cardiomyopathies","volume":"93","author":"Schultheiss","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med. Klin."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-81491-4_9","article-title":"BCG versus VCN: The antigenicity and the adjuvant effect of both compounds","volume":"75","author":"Seiler","year":"1980","journal-title":"Recent Results Can. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1006\/prep.1996.0005","article-title":"Expression and purification of anthrax toxin protective antigen from Escherichia coli","volume":"7","author":"Sharma","year":"1996","journal-title":"Protein Exp. Purif."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(96)00286-1","article-title":"Anthrax post-vaccinal cell-mediated immunity in humans: Kinetic pattern","volume":"15","author":"Shlyaklov","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.111.1.55","article-title":"The relationship between antigen concentration, antigen internalization, and antigenic complexes: Modeling insights into antigen processing and presentation","volume":"111","author":"Singer","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3447","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.7.3447-3448.1998","article-title":"Study of immunization against anthrax with purified recombinant protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis","volume":"66","author":"Singh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF85","first-page":"262","article-title":"Experimental squalene encephaloneuropathy in the rat","volume":"35","author":"Smialek","year":"1997","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF86","unstructured":"Squalenefacts.HTM. 2000. The facts on squalene. Pp. 1\u20137. URL: http:\/\/www.anthrax.osd.mil\/Site_Files\/qna\/SQUALENEFACTS.HTM."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1656(95)00092-5","article-title":"Development of novel vaccines against anthrax in man","volume":"44","author":"Stepanov","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(93)90071-M","article-title":"Time-dependent changes in Bolton\u2013Hunter-labeled 125I-substance P binding in rat spinal cord following unilateral adjuvant-induced peripheral inflammation","volume":"57","author":"Stucky","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02534723","article-title":"Squalene isolation by HPLC and quantitative comparison by HPLC and GLC","volume":"19","author":"Sulpice","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-100102885","article-title":"Delayed life-threatening reaction to anthrax vaccine","volume":"39","author":"Swanson-Biearman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(88)62089-1","article-title":"Adjuvant arthritis","volume":"162","author":"Taurog","year":"1988","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(82)90355-1","article-title":"Fate of intravenously administered squalene in the rat","volume":"712","author":"Tilvis","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.53.3.517-521.1986","article-title":"Adjuvant activity of 6-O-acyl-muramyl-dipeptides to enhance primary cellular and humoral immune responses in the guinea pig: Dose response and local reactions observed with selected compounds","volume":"53","author":"Tsujimoto","year":"1986","journal-title":"Infect. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.52.2.356-363.1986","article-title":"Development of antibodies to protective antigen and lethal factor components of anthrax toxin in human and guinea pigs and their relevance to protective immunity","volume":"52","author":"Turnbull","year":"1986","journal-title":"Infect. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)11338-7","article-title":"Health of UK servicemen who served in (the) Persian Gulf War","volume":"353","author":"Unwin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3109\/08916938809019943","article-title":"The immunoregulatory disturbance in autoimmune thyroid disease","volume":"2","author":"Volpe","year":"1988","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(88)90048-4","article-title":"Pathogenesis and genetic control of resistance to the Sterne strains of Bacillus anthracis","volume":"4","author":"Welkos","year":"1988","journal-title":"Microbiol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(88)90015-0","article-title":"Comparative safety and efficacy against Bacillus anthracis of protective antigen and live vaccines in mice","volume":"5","author":"Welkos","year":"1988","journal-title":"Microbiol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF99","first-page":"191","article-title":"Inhibition of rat adjuvant-induced arthritis, EAE and EAT without drugs: Further observations illuminating the development of these disorders (Abstract)","volume":"14","author":"Whitehouse","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF100","first-page":"311","article-title":"Freund's adjuvant: Relationship of arthrogenicity and adjuvanticity in rats to vehicle composition","volume":"27","author":"Whitehouse","year":"1974","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF101","first-page":"494","article-title":"Rat polyarthritis: Induction with adjuvants constituted with mycobacteria (and oils) from the environment","volume":"9","author":"Whitehouse","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Rheum."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/161.5.251","article-title":"Strategies for the prevention of a successful biological warfare aerosol attack","volume":"161","author":"Wiener","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1999.00901.x","article-title":"Presentation of protective antigen to the mouse immune system: Immune sequelae","volume":"87","author":"Williamson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.72.4.263","article-title":"Studies on immunity to anthrax. II. Elaboration of protective antigen in a chemically-defined nonprotein medium","volume":"72","author":"Wright","year":"1954","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1038\/179916a0","article-title":"Elaboration of protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis under anaerobic conditions","volume":"179","author":"Wright","year":"1957","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0504.990414","article-title":"Vaccines, pharmaceutical products, and bioterrorism: Challenge for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration","volume":"5","author":"Zoon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429_RF107","first-page":"83","article-title":"A comparison of commercially available adjuvants in BALB\/c-mice immunized with a weakly immunogenic peptide","volume":"15","author":"Zwerger","year":"1998","journal-title":"ALTEX"}],"container-title":["Experimental and Molecular Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014480002924299?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014480002924299?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]],"date-time":"2024-01-06T08:25:02Z","timestamp":1704529502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014480002924299"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0014480002924299"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/exmp.2002.2429","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4800"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4800","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]}}}