{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T12:50:33Z","timestamp":1783774233899,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,1]],"date-time":"1998-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":912470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T23:00:46Z","timestamp":1033945246000},"page":"315-329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":192,"title":["Collagen-GAG Substrate Enhances the Quality of Nerve Regeneration through Collagen Tubes up to Level of Autograft"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"L.J.","family":"Chamberlain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.V.","family":"Yannas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H-P.","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Strichartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Spector","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)90817-7","article-title":"Blind-ended semipermeable guidance channels support peripheral nerve regeneration in the absence of a distal nerve stump","volume":"454","author":"Aebischer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF2","first-page":"32","article-title":"The effect of peripheral connexions on the maturation of regenerating nerve fibres","volume":"83","author":"Aitken","year":"1949","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Maturation of regenerating nerve fibres with various peripheral connexions","volume":"81","author":"Aitken","year":"1947","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(96)84669-2","article-title":"Effectiveness of a bioabsorbable conduit in the repair of peripheral nerves","volume":"17","author":"Aldini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1980.sp013465","article-title":"Ultrastructural dimensions of myelinated peripheral nerve fibers in the cat and their relation to conduction velocity","volume":"308","author":"Arbuthnott","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903060410","article-title":"A collagen-based nerve guide conduit for peripheral nerve repair: An electrophysiological study of nerve regeneration in rodents and nonhuman primates","volume":"306","author":"Archibald","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4109","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-05-04109.1995","article-title":"Monkey median nerve repaired by nerve graft or collagen nerve guide tube","volume":"15","author":"Archibald","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01246356","article-title":"The influence of fibronectin and laminin during Schwann cell migration and peripheral nerve regeneration through silicone chambers","volume":"22","author":"Bailey","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurocytol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1126\/science.4059920","article-title":"What makes nerves regenerate","volume":"230","author":"Barnes","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490080208","article-title":"Nerve growth factor, laminin, and fibronectin promote neurite growth in human fetal sensory ganglia cultures","volume":"8","author":"Baron-Van Evercooren","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012737","article-title":"Scaling factor relating conduction velocity and diameter for myelinated afferent nerve fibres in the cat hind limb","volume":"289","author":"Boyd","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199392050-00020","article-title":"Immunocytochemistry of skeletal muscle basal lamina grafts in nerve regeneration","volume":"92","author":"Bryan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.78.3.943","article-title":"Evidence that contact with connective tissue matrix is required for normal interaction between Schwann cells and nerve fibers","volume":"78","author":"Bunge","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199228060-00008","article-title":"Strain differences in autotomy in rats undergoing sciatic nerve transection or repair","volume":"28","author":"Carr","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(98)00018-0","article-title":"Early peripheral nerve healing in collagen and silicone tube implants: Myofibroblasts and the cellular response","volume":"19","author":"Chamberlain","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biomaterials."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.1997.3.353","article-title":"Histological response to a fully degradable collagen device implanted in a gap in the rat sciatic nerve","volume":"3","author":"Chamberlain","year":"1997","journal-title":"Tissue Eng."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF17","series-title":"Progress in Biomedical Polymers","article-title":"Electrophysiological study of recovery of peripheral nerves regenerated by a collagen-glycosaminoglycan copolymer matrix","author":"Chang","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF18","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Neuroscience","first-page":"125","article-title":"Peripheral Nerve Regeneration","author":"Chang","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1964.sp007369","article-title":"The conduction velocity of regenerated peripheral nerve fibres","volume":"171","author":"Cragg","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198909000-00002","article-title":"Selection of the appropriate parameter to measure neural regeneration","volume":"23","author":"Dellon","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00120133","article-title":"A new PLLA\/PCL copolymer for nerve regeneration","volume":"4","author":"Den Dunnen","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(199605)31:1<105::AID-JBM13>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Light microscopic and electron-microscopic evaluation of short-term nerve regeneration using a biodegradable poly(DL-lactide-\u03f5-caprolacton) nerve guide","volume":"31","author":"Den Dunnen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920140808","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of nerve regeneration in a biodegradable nerve guide","volume":"14","author":"Den Dunnen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(76)90475-4","article-title":"The relative roles of contact inhibition and contact guidance in orientation of axons extending on aligned collagen fibrilsin vitro","volume":"98","author":"Ebendal","year":"1976","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(89)90036-1","article-title":"Nerve regeneration through artificial tubular implants","volume":"33","author":"Fields","year":"1989","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(86)90155-5","article-title":"Degenerated muscle grafts used for peripheral nerve repair in primates","volume":"11-B","author":"Glasby","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.68.1.0117","article-title":"Evaluation of acellular and cellular nerve grafts in repair of rat peripheral nerve","volume":"68","author":"Gulati","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(85)90162-1","article-title":"Nerve regeneration through biodegradable polyester tubes","volume":"90","author":"Henry","year":"1985","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1939.127.1.131","article-title":"Conduction velocity and diameter of nerve fibers","volume":"127","author":"Hursh","year":"1939","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(87)90123-3","article-title":"Nerve regeneration changes with filters of different pore size","volume":"97","author":"Jenq","year":"1987","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(77)90090-9","article-title":"Computerized image recognition for morphometry of nerve attributes of shape of sampled transverse sections of myelinated fibers which best estimates their average diameter","volume":"34","author":"Karnes","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1994.80.2.0254","article-title":"Labeled Schwann cell transplants versus sural nerve grafts in nerve repair","volume":"80","author":"Kim","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01674203","article-title":"Ultrastructural and morphometric analysis of long-term peripheral nerve regeneration through silicone tubes","volume":"17","author":"Lebeau","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Neurocytol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF34","first-page":"575","article-title":"Semipermeable collagen nerve conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"62","author":"Li","year":"1990","journal-title":"Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0267-6605(92)90100-8","article-title":"Peripheral nerve repair with collagen conduits","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Materials"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF36","series-title":"Orthopedic Basic Science","first-page":"623","article-title":"Experimental design and statistical analysis","author":"Lieber","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF37","first-page":"53","article-title":"A freeze-drying process for fabrication of polymeric bridges for peripheral nerve regeneration","author":"Loree","year":"1989","journal-title":"NE Bioeng. Conference Proc."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(82)90215-1","article-title":"Nerve regeneration in silicone chambers: Influence of gap length and of distal stump components","volume":"76","author":"Lundborg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(85)90087-1","article-title":"Increased rate of peripheral nerve regeneration using bioresorbable nerve guides and a laminin-containing gel","volume":"88","author":"Madison","year":"1985","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF40","series-title":"Wound Healing: Biochemical and Clinical Aspects","first-page":"450","article-title":"Peripheral nerve injury","author":"Madison","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(87)90146-4","article-title":"Peripheral nerve regeneration with entubulation repair: Comparison of biodegradable nerve guides versus polyethylene tubes and the effects of a laminin-containing gel","volume":"95","author":"Madison","year":"1987","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)91135-3","article-title":"Entubulation repair with protein additives increases the maximum nerve gap distance successfully bridged with tubular prostheses","volume":"447","author":"Madison","year":"1988","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(83)90027-3","article-title":"Nerve repair using a polyglactin tube and nerve graft: An experimental study in the rabbit","volume":"4","author":"Molander","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF44","first-page":"53","article-title":"Peripheral nerve regeneration through bioresorbable and durable nerve guides","volume":"1","author":"Navarro","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Peripher. Nerv. Sys."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.36.428","article-title":"Peripheral nerve regeneration in a silicone tube: effect of collagen sponge prosthesis, laminin, and pyrimidine compound administration","volume":"36","author":"Ohbayashi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurol. Med. Chir."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920120608","article-title":"Nerve regeneration through a two-ply biodegradable nerve guide in the rat and the influence of ACTH4-9 nerve growth factor","volume":"12","author":"Robinson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199011000-00006","article-title":"Artificial nerve graft using collagen as an extracellular matrix for nerve repair compared with sutured autograft in a rat model","volume":"25","author":"Rosen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1944.sp004066","article-title":"The role of the peripheral stump in the control of fibre diameter in regnerating nerves","volume":"103","author":"Sanders","year":"1944","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.22.3-4.203","article-title":"The influence of peripheral connexion on the diameter of regenerating nerve fibres","volume":"22","author":"Sanders","year":"1946","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF50","series-title":"Anesthesia","first-page":"437","article-title":"Local Anesthetics","author":"Strichartz","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4695(199602)29:2<151::AID-NEU3>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Cellular migration and axonal outgrowth from adult mammalian peripheral nervesin vitro","volume":"29","author":"Tonge","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1996.0030","article-title":"Basic behavior of migratory Schwann cells in peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"137","author":"Torigoe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/jab.770040308","article-title":"A comparison of peripheral nerve repair using an absorbable tubulization device and conventional suture in primates","volume":"4","author":"Tountas","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomater."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF54","unstructured":"Weiss, P. 1941, Nerve patterns: The mechanics of nerve growth, 5, 163, 203"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090920304","article-title":"The effect of terminal connections on the caliber of nerve fibers","volume":"92","author":"Weiss","year":"1945","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/15321797208068160","article-title":"Collagen and gelatin in the solid state","volume":"C7","author":"Yannas","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Macromol. Sci. Revs. Macromol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.3.933","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of a model extracellular matrix that induces partial regeneration of adult mammalian skin","volume":"86","author":"Yannas","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF58","first-page":"146","article-title":"Polymeric template facilitates regeneration of sciatic nerves across 15-mm gap","volume":"8","author":"Yannas","year":"1985","journal-title":"Trans. Soc. Biomaterials."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF59","series-title":"Advances in Biomedical Polymers","first-page":"1","article-title":"Regeneration of sciatic nerve across 15 mm gap by use of a polymeric template","author":"Yannas","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/215509b0","article-title":"Cross-linking of gelatine by dehydration","volume":"215","author":"Yannas","year":"1967","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(87)90064-1","article-title":"In vivo","volume":"95","author":"Yoshii","year":"1987","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955_EN986955RF62","series-title":"Biostatistical Analysis","author":"Zar","year":"1984"}],"container-title":["Experimental Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014488698969552?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014488698969552?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T06:59:26Z","timestamp":1620025166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014488698969552"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0014488698969552"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/exnr.1998.6955","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4886"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4886","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]}}}