{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T10:59:52Z","timestamp":1774868392721,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,1]],"date-time":"2002-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1017619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T18:32:46Z","timestamp":1033929166000},"page":"230-242","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Astrocyte Delivery of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Lee Anna","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0730070.x","article-title":"Differential effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and neurturin on developing and adult substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons","volume":"73","author":"Akerud","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00665-9","article-title":"Attenuation of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced dopaminergic nigrostriatal lesions in superoxide dismutase transgenic mice","volume":"85","author":"Asanuma","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80649-2","article-title":"Artemin, a novel member of the GDNF ligand family, supports peripheral and central neurons and signals through the GFRalpha3-RET receptor complex","volume":"21","author":"Baloh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/373339a0","article-title":"Mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons protected by GDNF from axotomy-induced degeneration in the adult brain [see comments]","volume":"373","author":"Beck","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8818","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.16.8818","article-title":"Intrastriatal injection of an adenoviral vector expressing glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor prevents - dopaminergic neuron degeneration and behavioral impairment in a rat model of Parkinson disease","volume":"94","author":"Bilang-Bleuel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF6","series-title":"Dopamine-Containing Systems in the CNS","author":"Bjorklund","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1089\/10430349950018166","article-title":"Adenovirus-mediated transgene expression in nonhuman primate brain","volume":"10","author":"Bohn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903550402","article-title":"Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor supports survival of injured midbrain dopaminergic neurons","volume":"355","author":"Bowenkamp","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-03-01030.1994","article-title":"GFAP promoter directs astrocyte-specific expression in transgenic mice","volume":"14","author":"Brenner","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6842-4_6","article-title":"Contributions of positron emission tomography to elucidating the pathogenesis of idiopathic parkinsonism and dopa responsive dystonia","volume":"50","author":"Calne","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)90835-J","article-title":"Partial lesion of the substantia nigra: Relation between extent of lesion and rotational behavior","volume":"553","author":"Carman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(84)90440-9","article-title":"Construction and applications of a highly transmissible murine retrovirus shuttle vector","volume":"37","author":"Cepko","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5301.838","article-title":"Dopaminergic neurons protected from degeneration by GDNF gene therapy [see comments]","volume":"275","author":"Choi-Lundberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01420-1","article-title":"Acute interactions between L-DOPA and the neurotoxic effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium or 6-hydroxydopamine in mice","volume":"830","author":"Cleren","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)91595-R","article-title":"The use of genetically altered astrocytes to provide nerve growth factor to adrenal chromaffin cells grafted into the striatum","volume":"561","author":"Cunningham","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(09)90029-4","article-title":"Nerve growth factor released by transgenic astrocytes enhances the function of adrenal chromaffin cell grafts in a rat model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"658","author":"Cunningham","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.5.9.1513","article-title":"Promoter traps in embryonic stem cells: A genetic screen to identify and mutate developmental genes in mice","volume":"5","author":"Friedrich","year":"1991","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/380252a0","article-title":"Functional recovery in parkinsonian monkeys treated with GDNF","volume":"380","author":"Gash","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(80)90871-9","article-title":"Partial lesions of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system in rat brain: Biochemical characterization","volume":"195","author":"Hefti","year":"1980","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(94)90218-6","article-title":"Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor reverses toxin-induced injury to midbrain dopaminergic neurons in vivo","volume":"182","author":"Hoffer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.63.4.1651-1660.1989","article-title":"Initiation of protein synthesis by internal entry of ribosomes into the 5\u2032 nontranslated region of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA in vivo","volume":"63","author":"Jang","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81311-2","article-title":"GDNF-induced activation of the ret protein tyrosine kinase is mediated by GDNFR-alpha, a novel receptor for GDNF","volume":"85","author":"Jing","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021152115752","article-title":"EPC-K1, a hydroxyl radical scavenger, prevents 6-hydroxydopamine- induced dopamine depletion in the mouse striatum by up-regulation of catalase activity","volume":"24","author":"Kabuto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7111","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-18-07111.1997","article-title":"GDNF protection against 6-OHDA: Time dependence and requirement for protein synthesis","volume":"17","author":"Kearns","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)01366-P","article-title":"GDNF protects nigral dopamine neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine in vivo","volume":"672","author":"Kearns","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6952","article-title":"Dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-mediated acute and long-lasting behavioral effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor administered into the striatum","volume":"154","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10711","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.19.10711","article-title":"Marrow stromal cells migrate throughout forebrain and cerebellum, and they differentiate into astrocytes after injection into neonatal mouse brains","volume":"96","author":"Kopen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5492.767","article-title":"Neurodegeneration prevented by lentiviral vector delivery of GDNF in primate models of Parkinson's disease","volume":"290","author":"Kordower","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/384467a0","article-title":"Neurturin, a relative of glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"384","author":"Kotzbauer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9822","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-23-09822.1998","article-title":"Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor requires transforming growth factor-beta for exerting its full neurotrophic potential on peripheral and CNS neurons","volume":"18","author":"Krieglstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6483","article-title":"Astrocytes promote or impair the survival and function of embryonic ventral mesencephalon co-grafts: Effects of astrocyte age and expression of recombinant brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"145","author":"Krobert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(96)01265-6","article-title":"Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor: Distribution and pharmacology in the rat following a bolus intraventricular injection","volume":"747","author":"Lapchak","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.3.501","article-title":"Clinical observations on the rate of progression of idiopathic parkinsonism","volume":"117","author":"Lee","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6842-4_5","article-title":"Pathophysiology of movement disorders studied using PET","volume":"50","author":"Leenders","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8493557","article-title":"GDNF: A glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons","volume":"260","author":"Lin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.1997.8.3-331","article-title":"Human fetal astrocytes as an ex vivo gene therapy vehicle for delivering biologically active nerve growth factor","volume":"8","author":"Lin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14083","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.25.14083","article-title":"Midbrain injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding rat glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor protects nigral neurons in a progressive 6-hydroxydopamine-induced degeneration model of Parkinson's disease in rats","volume":"94","author":"Mandel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(83)90344-6","article-title":"Construction of a retrovirus packaging mutant and its use to produce helper-free defective retrovirus","volume":"33","author":"Mann","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(96)00756-X","article-title":"Intranigral or intrastriatal injections of GDNF: Effects on monoamine levels and behavior in rats","volume":"317","author":"Martin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.85.3.890","article-title":"Preparation of separate astroglial and oligodendroglial cells cultured from cerebral tissue","volume":"85","author":"McCarthy","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80453-5","article-title":"Persephin, a novel neurotrophic factor related to GDNF and neurturin","volume":"20","author":"Milbrandt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3587","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/18.12.3587","article-title":"Advanced mammalian gene transfer: High titre retroviral vectors with multiple drug selection markers and a complementary helper-free packaging cell line","volume":"18","author":"Morgenstern","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(00)89040-X","article-title":"Internal ribosome entry sites and dicistronic RNAs in mammalian transgenesis","volume":"11","author":"Mountford","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1999.7291","article-title":"Growth factors in combination, but not individually, rescue rd mouse photoreceptors in organ culture","volume":"161","author":"Ogilvie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199907130-00021","article-title":"Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) regulates VR1 and substance P in cultured sensory neurons","volume":"10","author":"Ogun-Muyiwa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00433.x","article-title":"Intrastriatal grafting of a GDNF-producing cell line protects striatonigral neurons from quinolinic acid excitotoxicity in vivo","volume":"11","author":"Perez-Navarro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(97)00181-8","article-title":"Use of GFAP-lacZ transgenic mice to determine astrocyte fate in grafts of embryonic ventral midbrain","volume":"105","author":"Quintana","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8935","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.19.8935","article-title":"Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor but not transforming growth factor beta 3 prevents delayed degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons following striatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesion","volume":"92","author":"Sauer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-06-02008.1999","article-title":"Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor rescues target-deprived sympathetic spinal cord neurons but requires transforming growth factor-beta as cofactor in vivo","volume":"19","author":"Schober","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/249224a0","article-title":"Clonal cell lines from the rat central nervous system","volume":"249","author":"Schubert","year":"1974","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/373335a0","article-title":"Protection and repair of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system by GDNF in vivo [see comments]","volume":"373","author":"Tomac","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/382080a0","article-title":"Characterization of a multicomponent receptor for GDNF [see comments]","volume":"382","author":"Treanor","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00325.1997","article-title":"GDNF reduces drug-induced rotational behavior after medial forebrain bundle transection by a mechanism not involving striatal dopamine","volume":"17","author":"Tseng","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-06-02301.1999","article-title":"A glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-secreting clone of the Schwann cell line SCTM41 enhances survival and fiber outgrowth from embryonic nigral neurons grafted to the striatum and to the lesioned substantia nigra","volume":"19","author":"Wilby","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7206","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-22-07206.1996","article-title":"Short-term GDNF treatment provides long-term rescue of lesioned nigral dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Winkler","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440060405","article-title":"Differential proliferative response of human and mouse astrocytes to gamma-interferon","volume":"6","author":"Yong","year":"1992","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877_RF57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19960415)44:2<133::AID-JNR5>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Combined effects of GDNF, BDNF, and CNTF on motoneuron differentiation in vitro","volume":"44","author":"Zurn","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."}],"container-title":["Experimental Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014488602978775?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014488602978775?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T05:43:18Z","timestamp":1620020598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014488602978775"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0014488602978775"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/exnr.2002.7877","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4886"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4886","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]}}}