{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T09:24:42Z","timestamp":1783329882744,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]],"date-time":"2001-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":978307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,17]],"date-time":"2002-09-17T22:30:52Z","timestamp":1032301852000},"page":"15-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Trypanosoma cruzi: Peripheral Blood Monocytes and Heart Macrophages in the Resistance to Acute Experimental Infection in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Rossana C.N","family":"Melo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o R.S","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1996.0109","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi: IL-10, TNF, IFN-gamma, and IL-12 regulate innate and acquired immunity to infection","volume":"84","author":"Abrahamsohn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.57.6.1647-1655.1989","article-title":"Immunological and nonimmnunological control of severity of Trypanosoma musculi infections in C3H and C57BL\/6 inbred mice","volume":"57","author":"Albright","year":"1989","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2494(91)90021-A","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Chagas' disease","volume":"142","author":"Andrade","year":"1991","journal-title":"Research of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01320995","article-title":"The haematology of Trypanosoma cruzi congolense infection in cattle. 2. Macrophage structure and function in the bone marrow of Boran cattle","volume":"7","author":"Anosa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Comparative Haematology International"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.40.12.1586","article-title":"Direct involvement of macrophages in destruction of \u03b2-cells leading to development of Diabetes in virus-infected mice","volume":"40","author":"Baek","year":"1991","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF6","first-page":"163","article-title":"What makes silica toxic?","volume":"49","author":"Bagchi","year":"1992","journal-title":"British Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1159\/000237653","article-title":"Immunological control of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and pathogenesis of Chagas' disease","volume":"114","author":"Brener","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF8","first-page":"441","volume":"34","author":"Biozzi","year":"1953","journal-title":"British Journal of Experimental Pathology"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.64.1.128-134.1996","article-title":"Regulation of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice by gamma interferon and interleukin 10: Role of NK cells","volume":"64","author":"Cardillo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(93)90075-M","article-title":"In vivo macrophage function in experimental infection with Trypanosoma cruzi subpopulations","volume":"55","author":"Celentano","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1081\/DDC-100102213","article-title":"Macrophage depletion by albumin microencapsulated clodronate: Attenuation of cytokine release in macrophage-dependent glomerulonephritis","volume":"25","author":"D'Souza","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a023456","article-title":"Ultrastructure of resting and rh-GMCSF-treated human macrophages derived from blood monocytes","volume":"45","author":"Elshewemi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Electron Microscopy"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1992.tb00905.x","article-title":"An ultrastructural and cytochemical study of the pulmonary lesions and multinucleated giant cells in porcine dermatosis vegetans","volume":"100","author":"Evensen","year":"1992","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3429","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.64.8.3429-3434.1996","article-title":"Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: Involvement in control of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice","volume":"64","author":"Font","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00765.x","article-title":"Characterization of macrophage function in Mycobacterium lepraemurium-infected mice: Sensitivity of mice to endotoxin and release of mediators and lysosomal enzymes after endotoxin treatment","volume":"5","author":"Ha","year":"1983","journal-title":"Parasite Immunology"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03689.x","article-title":"Density of parasites in various organs and the relation to numbers of trypomastigotes in blood during acute infections of Trypanosoma cruzi in mice","volume":"21","author":"Hanson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Protozoology"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.2.347","article-title":"The role of macrophages in T-cell mediated autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice","volume":"189","author":"Jun","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF18","first-page":"137A","article-title":"A formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolality for use in electron microscopy","volume":"27","author":"Karnovsky","year":"1965","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.112.5.1839","article-title":"Phagocytosis: A defense mechanism against infection with Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"112","author":"Kierszenbaum","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF20","first-page":"8","article-title":"Chagas' disease and Chagas' syndromes: The pathology of the American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease)","volume":"36","author":"K\u00f6berle","year":"1968","journal-title":"Clinical Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.115.1.41","article-title":"Effects of intravenous silica on immune and non-immune functions of the murine host","volume":"115","author":"Levy","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.4.912","article-title":"Endogenous Interferon-, macrophage activation, and murine host defense against acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"163","author":"McCabe","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761989000400013","article-title":"Experimental American trypanomiasis in rats: Sympathetic denervation, parasitism and inflammatory process","volume":"84","author":"Machado","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mem\u00f3rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF24","first-page":"229","article-title":"Mononuclear phagocyte system responsiveness in Ccl4-induced liver cirrhosis","volume":"74","author":"Mayanski","year":"1993","journal-title":"International Journal of Experimental Pathology"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1054\/tice.1999.0040","article-title":"Depletion of immune effector cells induces myocardial damage in the acute experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection: ultrastructural study in rats","volume":"31","author":"Melo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Tissue & Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(97)00248-8","article-title":"Depletion of radiosensitive leukocytes exacerbates the heart sympathetic denervation and parasitism in experimental Chagas disease in rats","volume":"84","author":"Melo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroimmunology"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198507000-00017","article-title":"Measurements of reticuloendothelial system phagocytic activity in the rat after treatment with silica, liposomes, and cyclosporine","volume":"40","author":"Merion","year":"1985","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.4.877","article-title":"The excess numbers of peritoneal macrophages in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor transgenic mice are generated by local proliferation","volume":"175","author":"Metcalf","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.148.1.288","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi: In vitro induction of macrophage microbicidal activity","volume":"148","author":"Nogueira","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF30","first-page":"2206","article-title":"Secretion of oxygen intermediates: Role in effector functions of activated macrophages","volume":"41","author":"Nathan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Federation Proceedings"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.25.2.513-520.1979","article-title":"Effect of silica on the innate resistance of inbred mice to Salmonella typhimurium infection","volume":"25","author":"O'Brien","year":"1979","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4342","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.12.4342","article-title":"In vivo administration of recombinant IFN-\u03b3 induces macrophage activation, and prevents acute disease, immune suppression, and death in experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infections","volume":"140","author":"Reed","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF33","first-page":"153","article-title":"Macrophage activity, IL-6 levels, antibody response and heart histology in rats undergoing an attenuated Trypanosoma cruzi acute infection upon treatment with recombinant interferon gamma","volume":"4","author":"Revelli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cytokines Cellular & Molecular Therapy"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1989.tb00675.x","article-title":"Susceptible mice present higher macrophage activation than resistant mice during infection with myotropic strains of Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"11","author":"Russo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Parasite Immunology"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF35","first-page":"191","article-title":"Sobre uma cepa de Trypanosoma cruzi altamente virulenta para o camundongo branco","volume":"20","author":"Silva","year":"1953","journal-title":"Folia Clinica et Biologic"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4862","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.12.4862-4867.1995","article-title":"Tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha mediates resistance to Trypanosoma-cruzi infection in mice by inducing nitric-oxide production in infected gamma-interferon-activated macrophages","volume":"63","author":"Silva","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.48.161","article-title":"Predominance of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the inflammatory lesions of mice with acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"48","author":"Sun","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-167-41118","article-title":"Functional modifications of macrophage activity after sublethal whole-body irradiation","volume":"167","author":"Swartz","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/140.6.1674","article-title":"Morphologic characterization of alveolar macrophages from subjects with occupational exposure to inorganic particles","volume":"140","author":"Takemura","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.5.4.400","article-title":"Chagas' disease","volume":"5","author":"Tanowitz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Review"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF41","first-page":"71","article-title":"Differentiation, maturation, and activation of monocytes and macrophages: Functional activity is controlled by a continuum of maturation","author":"Turpin","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5177","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.11.5177-5182.1994","article-title":"Nitric oxide is involved in control of Trypanosoma cruzi-induced parasitemia and directly kills the parasite in vitro","volume":"62","author":"Vespa","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(05)80008-8","article-title":"Complement facilitates macrophage phagocytosis of inhaled iron particles but has little effect in mediating silica-induced lung inflammatory and clearance responses","volume":"56","author":"Warheit","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"key":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4576_RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19980831)77:5<720::AID-IJC10>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Effective chemo-immunotherapy of L1210 leukemia in vivo using interleukin-12 combined with doxorubicin but not with cyclosphosphamide, paclitaxel or cisplatin","volume":"77","author":"Zagozdzon","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Journal of Cancer"}],"container-title":["Experimental Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014489400945764?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014489400945764?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T04:44:22Z","timestamp":1680583462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014489400945764"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0014489400945764"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/expr.2000.4576","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4894"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4894","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]}}}