{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:05:29Z","timestamp":1762175129860},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,1]],"date-time":"1999-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":925516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["General and Comparative Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T15:13:49Z","timestamp":1033917229000},"page":"293-303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Properties of the Melatonin-Generating System of the Sailfin Molly,Poecilia velifera"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Darren K.","family":"Okimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milton H.","family":"Stetson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.1992.tb00177.x","article-title":"Pineal photoreceptor cells: Photoperiodic control of melatonin production after cell dissociation and culture","volume":"4","author":"Begay","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1126\/science.897660","article-title":"Time-keeping by the pineal gland","volume":"197","author":"Binkley","year":"1977","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1126\/science.214852","article-title":"The pineal gland: A biological clockin vitro","volume":"202","author":"Binkley","year":"1978","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-4-3-255","article-title":"Circadian rhythms of pineal function in rats","volume":"4","author":"Binkley","year":"1983","journal-title":"Endocrine Rev."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1993.1013","article-title":"Melatonin secretionin vitroPetromyzon marinus","volume":"89","author":"Bolliet","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1994.tb00086.x","article-title":"Multiple circadian oscillators in the photosensitive pike pineal gland: A study using organ and cell culture","volume":"16","author":"Bolliet","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01413.x","article-title":"Photoreceptor cells of the pike pineal organ as cellular circadian oscillators","volume":"9","author":"Bolliet","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.1995.tb00790.x","article-title":"Regulation of the melatonin secretion by light in the isolated pineal organ of the white sucker (Catastomus commersoni","volume":"7","author":"Bolliet","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00301136","article-title":"Rhythmic melatonin secretion in different teleost species: Anin vitro","volume":"165","author":"Bolliet","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. B"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)01365-2","article-title":"Circadian regulation of melatonin production in cultured zebrafish pineal and retina","volume":"708","author":"Cahill","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF11","series-title":"The Pineal Gland (Ciba Foundation Symposium)","article-title":"Differentiation and regression of the cells of the sensory line in the epiphysis cerebri","author":"Collin","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF12","series-title":"Functional Morphology of Neuroendocrine Systems","first-page":"105","article-title":"Evolution and environmental control of secretory processes in pineal transducers","author":"Collin","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/282094a0","article-title":"A circadian oscillator in cultured chick cells of chicken pineal gland","volume":"282","author":"Deguchi","year":"1979","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF14","series-title":"Biological Rhythms in Clinical and Laboratory Medicine","first-page":"35","article-title":"Cellular and molecular aspects of circadian oscillators: Models and mechanisms for biological time keeping","author":"Edmunds","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00212227","article-title":"Ontogenic development of the pineal organ, parapineal organ, and retina of the three-spined stickleback,Gasterosteus aculeatus","volume":"233","author":"Ekstr\u00f6m","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(81)90198-0","article-title":"Melatonin and behavioral thermoregulation in the turtle,Terrapene carolina triunguis","volume":"26","author":"Erskine","year":"1981","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4565(82)90043-2","article-title":"Reduced thermal tolerance in an amphibian treated with melatonin","volume":"7","author":"Erskine","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Thermal Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.1992.tb00214.x","article-title":"Pineal photoreceptor cells in culture: Fine structure, and light\/dark control of cyclic nucleotides levels and melatonin secretion","volume":"4","author":"Falcon","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-06-01943.1989","article-title":"Regulation of melatonin secretion in a photoreceptive pineal organ: Anin vitro","volume":"9","author":"Falcon","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1159\/000124778","article-title":"Rhythmic melatonin biosynthesis in a photoreceptive pineal organ: A study in the pike","volume":"45","author":"Falcon","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF21","first-page":"63","article-title":"Examination ofin vitroSalmo gairdneri","volume":"71","author":"Gern","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(78)90286-1","article-title":"Plasma melatonin in the trout: Day\u2013night change demonstrated by radioimmunoassay","volume":"34","author":"Gern","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1995.tb00141.x","article-title":"Effects of season, temperature, and photoperiod on plasma melatonin rhythms in the goldfish,Carassius auratus","volume":"18","author":"Iigo","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(91)90115-M","article-title":"Circadian rhythms of melatonin secretion from superfused goldfish (Carassius auratusin vitro","volume":"83","author":"Iigo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF25","first-page":"803","article-title":"Circadian locomotor rhythms in the desert iguana. I. The roles of eyes and the pineal","volume":"166","author":"Janik","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. A"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1139\/z80-060","article-title":"Pineal control of the circadian rhythm in colour change in the killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus","volume":"58","author":"Kavaliers","year":"1980","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(81)90332-7","article-title":"Circadian organization in white suckersCatastomus commersoni:","volume":"68A","author":"Kavaliers","year":"1981","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(88)90212-2","article-title":"Daily cycles in plasma melatonin levels under long or short photoperiod in the common carp,Cyprinus carpio","volume":"72","author":"Kezuka","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(89)90073-7","article-title":"Melatonin secretion from goldfish pineal gland in organ culture","volume":"75","author":"Kezuka","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF30","first-page":"1047","article-title":"Effects of photoperiod, pinealectomy and ophthalmectomy on circulating melatonin rhythms in the goldfish,Carassius auratus","volume":"9","author":"Kezuka","year":"1992","journal-title":"Zool. Sci."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01921750","article-title":"Development of rhythmic melatonin synthesis in cultured pineal glands and pineal cells isolated from chick embryo","volume":"51","author":"Lamosova","year":"1995","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00191463","article-title":"Regulation of melatonin production by light, darkness, and temperature in the trout pineal","volume":"170","author":"Max","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. A"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF33","series-title":"Sixth Sapporo Symposium on Biological Rhythms","first-page":"39","article-title":"The evolution of vertebrate circadian systems","author":"Menaker","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.19.6119","article-title":"Temperature-compensated circadian clock in the pineal ofAnolis","volume":"80","author":"Menaker","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01875584","article-title":"Production of melatonin by the gilthead sea bream pineal: Anin vivoin vitro","volume":"15","author":"Molina-Borja","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fish Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(88)90040-7","article-title":"Pineal glandNOSalmo gairdneri","volume":"94","author":"Morton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00073-Y","article-title":"Effect of constant temperatures, darkness and light on the secretion of melatonin by pineal explants and retinas in the geckoChristinus marmoratus","volume":"675","author":"Moyer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1996.0007","article-title":"Influence of photoperiod, time and sex on hormone concentrations in collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus","volume":"101","author":"Nagy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF39","series-title":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Reproductive Physiology of Fish, The University of Texas at Austin, 2\u20138 July 1995","first-page":"194","article-title":"Effect of light on melatonin secretionin vitroSphyrna lewini","author":"Okimoto","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF40","series-title":"Pineal Update","first-page":"121","article-title":"Photoregulation of melatonin releasein vitro","author":"Okimoto","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF41","series-title":"The Pineal Gland (Ciba Foundation Symposium)","first-page":"127","article-title":"Sensory and glandular elements of the pineal organ","author":"Oksche","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00318187","article-title":"Photoreceptor development in the pineal organ and the eye ofPlecoglossus altivelisParalichthys olivaceus","volume":"266","author":"Omura","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.56.283","article-title":"Early development of the pineal photoreceptors prior to the retinal differentiation in the embryonic rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss","volume":"56","author":"Omura","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Histol. Cytol."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00217336","article-title":"The pineal organ is the first differentiated light receptor in the embryonic salmon,Salmo salar","volume":"249","author":"\u00d6stholm","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90757-E","article-title":"Individual pineal cells exhibit a circadian rhythm in melatonin secretion","volume":"627","author":"Pickard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(94)90617-3","article-title":"Pineal photoreceptor cells rhythmically secrete melatonin","volume":"171","author":"Pickard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF47","series-title":"Biology of the Reptilia","first-page":"245","article-title":"The parietal eye-pineal complex","author":"Quay","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF48","first-page":"30","article-title":"Pineal control of reproduction: Nonmammalian vertebrates","volume":"4","author":"Ralph","year":"1978","journal-title":"Prog. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/19.1.273","article-title":"The role of the pineal body in ectotherm thermoregulation","volume":"19","author":"Ralph","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. Zool."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF50","series-title":"The Pineal Gland II: Reproductive Effects","first-page":"31","article-title":"The pineal and reproduction in birds","author":"Ralph","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1995.1045","article-title":"Melatonin rhythms in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar","volume":"98","author":"Randall","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-12-2-151","article-title":"Pineal melatonin: Cell biology of its synthesis and of it physiological interactions","volume":"12","author":"Reiter","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrine Rev."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.08-01-00012.1988","article-title":"Circadian clock in cell culture. I. Oscillation of melatonin release from dissociated chick pineal cells in flow-through microcarrier culture","volume":"8","author":"Robertson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.08-01-00022.1988","article-title":"Circadian clock in cell culture. II.In vitro","volume":"8","author":"Robertson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF55","series-title":"Sixth Sapporo Symposium on Biological Rhythms","article-title":"Function of the pineal organ and melatonin in the circadian organization of the lamprey","author":"Samejima","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF56","series-title":"The Pineal Gland","first-page":"109","article-title":"Physiology of the pineal and its hormone melatonin in annual reproduction in rodents","author":"Stetson","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.4.2319","article-title":"Circadian rhythms of melatonin release from individual superfused chicken pineal glandsin vitro","volume":"77","author":"Takahashi","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00605243","article-title":"Multiple redundant circadian oscillators within the isolated avian pineal gland","volume":"154","author":"Takahashi","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. A"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF59","first-page":"279","article-title":"The avian pineal, a vertebrate model system of the circadian system: Cellular regulation of circadian rhythms by light, second messengers, and macromolecular synthesis","volume":"45","author":"Takahashi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Recent Progr. Horm. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-03-01105.1998","article-title":"Multioscillatory circadian organization in a vertebrate,Iguana iguana","volume":"18","author":"Tosini","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1006311","article-title":"Melatonin: Effects on the circadian locomotor rhythm of sparrows","volume":"194","author":"Turek","year":"1976","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(85)90348-8","article-title":"Entrainment of the circadian activity rhythm of a lizard to melatonin injections","volume":"35","author":"Underwood","year":"1985","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01953048","article-title":"The pineal and melatonin: Regulators of circadian function in lower vertebrates","volume":"45","author":"Underwood","year":"1989","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(92)90122-Z","article-title":"Effects of photoperiod and temperature on rhythmic melatonin secretion from the pineal organ of the white sucker (Catastomus commersoniin vitro","volume":"86","author":"Zachmann","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1139\/z92-004","article-title":"Effects of photoperiod and different light intensities of light exposure on melatonin levels in the blood, pineal organ, and retina of the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis","volume":"70","author":"Zachmann","year":"1992","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258_RF66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(90)90166-P","article-title":"Ontogeny ofN","volume":"97A","author":"Zeman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol."}],"container-title":["General and Comparative Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016648099972581?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016648099972581?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T02:12:08Z","timestamp":1576548728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0016648099972581"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0016648099972581"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/gcen.1999.7258","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-6480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-6480","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]}}}