{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:06:41Z","timestamp":1791234401019,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]],"date-time":"1999-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":917827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,2]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,7]],"date-time":"2002-10-07T16:57:24Z","timestamp":1034009844000},"page":"73-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":150,"title":["Varieties of Developmental Reading Disorder: Genetic and Environmental Influences"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Castles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Datta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Gayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard K.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1973.tb05180.x","article-title":"Developmental dyslexia: A diagnostic approach based on three typical reading-spelling patterns","volume":"15","author":"Boder","year":"1973","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.2307\/1131249","article-title":"A reading level design study of phonological skills underlying fourth-grade children's word reading difficulties","volume":"63","author":"Bowey","year":"1992","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/271746a0","article-title":"Difficulties in auditory organization as a possible cause of reading backwardness","volume":"271","author":"Bradley","year":"1978","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF4","first-page":"158","article-title":"The analysis of word sounds by young children","volume":"34","author":"Bruce","year":"1964","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.28.5.874","article-title":"Persistence of dyslexics' phonological awareness deficits","volume":"28","author":"Bruck","year":"1992","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(93)90003-E","article-title":"Varieties of developmental dyslexia","volume":"47","author":"Castles","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1080\/00049539608259519","article-title":"Subtypes of developmental dyslexia and lexical acquisition","volume":"48","author":"Castles","year":"1996","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF8","series-title":"Strategies of information processing","article-title":"Lexical access in simple reading tasks","author":"Coltheart","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.100.4.589","article-title":"Models of reading aloud: Dual route and parallel-distributed-processing approaches","volume":"100","author":"Coltheart","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01066239","article-title":"Multiple regression analysis of twin data","volume":"15","author":"Defries","year":"1985","journal-title":"Behavior Genetics"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1017\/S0001566000003810","article-title":"Multiple regression analysis of twin data: Etiology of deviant scores versus individual differences","volume":"37","author":"Defries","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae: Twin Research"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF12","series-title":"Handbook of social and neuropsychological aspects of learning disabilities","first-page":"55","article-title":"Classification of disabled learners: Beyond exclusionary definitions","author":"Fletcher","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF13","unstructured":"Gayan, J. Datta, H. E. Castles, A. E. Olson, R. K. 1997, The etiology of group deficits in word decoding across levels of phonological decoding and orthographic coding"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF14","unstructured":"Gayan, J. Forsberg, H. Olson, R. K. 1994, Genetic influences on subtypes of dyslexia, Behavioral Genetics, 24, 513"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1177\/074193258500600604","article-title":"Phonology and the problems of learning to read and write","volume":"6","author":"Liberman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Remedial and Special Education"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manis, F. R. Custudio, R. Szezulski, P. A. 1993, Development of phonological and orthographic skills: A 2-year longitudinal study of dyslexic children, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 56, 64, 86","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1993.1026"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(95)00679-6","article-title":"On the bases of two subtypes of developmental dyslexia","volume":"58","author":"Manis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF18","series-title":"Deep dyslexia","article-title":"A new attempt at an interpretation or an attempt at a new interpretation","author":"Morton","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF19","series-title":"Reading research: Advances in theory and practice","first-page":"1","article-title":"Individual and developmental differences in reading disability","author":"Olson","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF20","series-title":"Varieties of orthographic knowledge: Theoretical and developmental issues","first-page":"27","article-title":"Genes, environment and the development of orthographic skills","author":"Olson","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF21","series-title":"Frames of reference for the assessment of learning disabilities: New views on measurement issues","first-page":"243","article-title":"Measurement of word recognition, orthographic and phonological skills","author":"Olson","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948902200604","article-title":"Specific deficits in component reading and language skills: Genetic and environmental influences","volume":"22","author":"Olson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532799xssr0103_4","article-title":"Computer-based remedial training in phoneme awareness and phonological decoding: Effects on the post-training development on word recognition","volume":"1","author":"Olson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scientific Studies of Reading"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.2307\/1130374","article-title":"Phonological processing skills and deficits in adult dyslexics","volume":"57","author":"Pennington","year":"1990","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.103.1.56","article-title":"Understanding normal and impaired word reading: Computational principles in quasi-regular domains","volume":"103","author":"Plaut","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.2307\/747832","article-title":"The nonword reading deficit in developmental dyslexia: A review","volume":"27","author":"Rack","year":"1992","journal-title":"Reading Research Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1177\/002221947100400706","article-title":"The Auditory Analysis Test: An initial report","volume":"4","author":"Rosner","year":"1971","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.96.4.523","article-title":"A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming","volume":"96","author":"Seidenberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(84)90270-6","article-title":"When does irregular spelling or pronunciation influence word recognition","volume":"23","author":"Seidenberg","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.2307\/747605","article-title":"Exposure to print and orthographic processing","volume":"24","author":"Stanovich","year":"1989","journal-title":"Reading Research Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.89.1.114","article-title":"Converging evidence for phonological and surface subtypes of reading disability","volume":"89","author":"Stanovich","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.30.1.73","article-title":"The development of reading related phonological processing abilities: New evidence of bidirectional causality from a latent variable longitudinal study","volume":"30","author":"Wagner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022096598924821?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022096598924821?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T17:48:09Z","timestamp":1576604889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022096598924821"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,2]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022096598924821"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jecp.1998.2482","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0965","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,2]]}}}