{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:56:14Z","timestamp":1792072574634,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,1]],"date-time":"1999-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":936144000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Human Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,18]],"date-time":"2002-09-18T15:40:33Z","timestamp":1032363633000},"page":"415-430","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Carnivores from the Early Pleistocene hominid-bearing Trinchera Dolina 6 (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain)"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Nuria","family":"Garc\u0131a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Luis","family":"Arsuaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Villafranchian faunal record of Spain","volume":"8","author":"Aguirre","year":"1990","journal-title":"Quart\u00e4rpal\u00e4ontologie"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF2","series-title":"The Dawn of the Quaternary (Proceedings of the SEQS-Euromam symposium 1996)","first-page":"513","article-title":"The Early Pleistocene mammal turnover in Spain: evidence against an \u201cEnd-Villafranchian\u201d event","author":"Agust\u0131́","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF3","series-title":"Chronometric Dating in Archaeology","first-page":"1","article-title":"Climatostratigraphy","author":"Aitken","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-821X(94)90244-5","article-title":"The astronomical theory of climate and the age of the Bruhnes\u2013Matuyama magnetic reversal","volume":"126","author":"Bassinot","year":"1994","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0033-5894(86)90058-X","article-title":"U-series analysis of the lower travertine at Ehringsdorf DDR","volume":"25","author":"Blackwell","year":"1986","journal-title":"Quatern. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF6","first-page":"185","article-title":"I giacimenti Quaternari di vertebrati fossili nell'Italia Nord-Orientale","volume":"43","author":"Bon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mem. Sc. Geol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF7","first-page":"377","article-title":"Carnivores Quaternaires du Sud-Est de la France","volume":"21","author":"Bonifay","year":"1971","journal-title":"M\u00e9m. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris s\u00e9r. C."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF8","series-title":"Les grottes de Grimaldi","author":"Boule","year":"1906"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1038\/371751a0","article-title":"How old is \u201cBoxgrove man\u201d?","volume":"371","author":"Bowen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6093","DOI":"10.1029\/94JB03098","article-title":"Revised calibration of the geomagnethic polarity timescale for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic","volume":"100","author":"Cande","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. geophys. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF11","unstructured":"Cardoso, J. L. 1993, Contribui\u00c7ao para o conhecimiento dos grandes mam\u0131́feros do Plistoc\u00e9nico superior de Portugal"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF12","series-title":"L'Ours brun","author":"Couturier","year":"1954"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cr\u00e9gut, E. 1979, La faune de mammif\u00e8res du Pl\u00e9istoc\u00e8ne moyen de la Caune de l'Arago \u00e0 Tautavel, Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Orientales","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-6995(79)80125-4"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0306","article-title":"Biochronological implications of the Arvicolidae and (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Lower Pleistocene hominid-bearing level Trinchera Dolina 6 (TD6, Atapuerca, Spain)","volume":"37","author":"Cuenca-Besc\u00f3s","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF15","first-page":"25","article-title":"Il cani Pliocenici di Toscana","volume":"19","author":"Del Campana","year":"1913","journal-title":"Paleont. Ital."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF16","unstructured":"Driestch von der, A. 1976, A guide to the measurement of animal bones from archaeological sites"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0326","article-title":"Earliest humans in Europe: the age of TD6 Gran Dolina, Atapuerca, Spain","volume":"37","author":"Falgu\u00e8res","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF18","first-page":"245","article-title":"New fossil findings form the Colfiorito basin (Umbria-Marchean Apennine)","volume":"29","author":"Ficcarelli","year":"1990","journal-title":"Boll. Soc. Pal. Ital."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF19","unstructured":"Gagnepain, J. 1996, Etude magn\u00e8tostratigraphique de sites du Pl\u00e9istoc\u00e8ne inf\u00e9rieur et moyen des Alpes-Maritimes et d'italie: Grotte du Vallonnet, Marina Airport, Ca'Belvedere di Monte Poggiolo, Isernia la Pineta, Venosa Loreto"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF20","volume":"September 1996","author":"Gagnepain","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proceedings XIII International Congress of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences, Forl\u0131́, Italia"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-6995(98)80053-3","article-title":"The carnivore remains from the hominid-bearing Trinchera-Galer\u0131́a, Sierra de Atapuerca, Middle Pleistocene site (Spain)","volume":"31","author":"Garc\u0131́a","year":"1998","journal-title":"Geobios"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1997.0154","article-title":"The carnivore remains from the Sima de los Huesos Middle Pleistocene site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain)","volume":"33","author":"Garc\u0131́a","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-0182(91)90159-O","article-title":"Pollen records from the middle Pleistocene Atapuerca site (Burgos, Spain)","volume":"85","author":"Garcia-Ant\u00f3n","year":"1990","journal-title":"Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF24","first-page":"369","article-title":"Biochronology of selected mammals, molluscs and ostracods from the Middle Pliocene to the Late Pleistocene in Italy. The state of the art","volume":"103","author":"Gliozzi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Riv. Ital. Paleont. Strat."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF25","first-page":"29","article-title":"Les Mustelid\u00e9s (Mammalia, Carnivora) du gisement Pl\u00e9istoc\u00e8ne Moyen de La Fage (corr\u00e8ze)","volume":"13","author":"Hugueney","year":"1975","journal-title":"Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. nat. Lyon"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1086\/282070","article-title":"Homage to Santa Rosalia, or why are there so many kinds of animals?","volume":"93","author":"Hutchinson","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF27","first-page":"5","article-title":"Die Abfolge pli-\/pleistoz\u00e4ner S\u00e4ugetierfaunen in Th\u00fcringen (Mitteldeutschland)","volume":"12","author":"Kahlke","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cranium"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF28","series-title":"Quaternary Field Trips in Central Europe. 13 Mammal Traverse. Quaternary Vertebrate Faunas in Central Europe","article-title":"Stop 15: Untermassfeld near Meiningen\u2014Early Pleistocene fauna. In INQUA 1995","author":"Kahlke","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF29","series-title":"Quaternary Field Trips in Central Europe. 13 Mammal Traverse. Quaternary Vertebrate Faunas in Central Europe","article-title":"Stop 17: Ehringsdorf near Weimar\u2014Middle to Late Pleistocene travertines. In INQUA 1995","author":"Kahlke","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0033-5894(89)90034-3","article-title":"Glacial\/interglacial size variation in fossil spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) from Britain","volume":"32","author":"Klein","year":"1989","journal-title":"Quatern. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF31","series-title":"Quaternary Field Trips in Central Europe. 13 Mammal Traverse. Qauternary Vertebrate Faunas in Central Europe","article-title":"Stop 9: Mauer near Heidelberg-Sand pit Graferain, Middle Pleistocene fauna with Homo erectus heidelbergensis","author":"Koenigswald","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF32","series-title":"Archaeology, Methodology and the Organisation of Research. Acts of the Round Table (Isernia 27 May 1994)","first-page":"19","article-title":"Mammalian remains in a Palaeolithic context","author":"Kolfschoten","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF33","first-page":"33","article-title":"New carnivore material from the Plio-Pleistocene of Macedonia (Greece) with the description of a new canid","volume":"34","author":"Koufos","year":"1997","journal-title":"M\u00fcnchner Geowiss. Abh."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF34","first-page":"308","article-title":"Die Unterpleistoz\u00e4ne S\u00e4ngetierfauna von Betfia bei Nagyv\u00e1rad","volume":"71","author":"Kretzoi","year":"1941","journal-title":"F\u00d6ldtani K\u00d6zl\u00d6ny"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF35","first-page":"1","article-title":"The bears and hyaenas of the interglacials","volume":"4","author":"Kurt\u00e9n","year":"1957","journal-title":"Quaternaria (Roma)"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF36","series-title":"Pleistocene Mammals of Europe","author":"Kurt\u00e9n","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF37","first-page":"47","article-title":"New stratigraphic and faunal material from Petralona cave, with special reference to the Carnivora","volume":"4","author":"Kurt\u00e9n","year":"1977","journal-title":"Anthropos"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF38","first-page":"9","article-title":"Fossil carnivora of Petralona cave: status of 1980","volume":"8","author":"Kurt\u00e9n","year":"1981","journal-title":"Anthropos"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF39","first-page":"465","article-title":"Les faunes de grands mammif\u00e8res de la grotte du Vallonnet Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, Alpes-Maritimes","volume":"92","author":"Lumley","year":"1988","journal-title":"L'Anthropologie"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF40","series-title":"Atapuerca y la Evoluci\u00f3n Humana","first-page":"99","article-title":"Ungulados de Gran Dolina, Atapuerca; Nuevos datos e interpretaciones","author":"Made","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF41","series-title":"Proyecto Orce-Cueva Victoria (1988\u20131992), Presencia humana en el Pleistoceno inferior de Granada y Murcia","first-page":"21","article-title":"Revisi\u00f3n sistem\u00e1tica de la fauna de macromam\u0131́feros del yacimiento de VM (Orce, Granada, Espa\u00f1a)","author":"Mart\u0131́nez Navarro","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1997.0158","article-title":"Fuente Nueva-3 (Orce, Granada, Spain) and the first human occupation of Europe","volume":"33","author":"Mart\u0131́nez","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF43","series-title":"European Neogene Mammal Chronology","first-page":"131","article-title":"Large mammal dispersal events at the beginning of the late Villafranchian","author":"Masini","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF44","series-title":"The Dawn of the Quaternary (Proceedings of the SEQS-Euromam Symoposium 1996)","first-page":"565","article-title":"Geochronometric application of evolutionary trends in the dentition of fossil Arvicolidae","author":"Maul","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3989\/egeol.85415-6726","article-title":"Geolog\u0131́a y Paleontolog\u0131́a de los yacimientos Plio-Pleistocenos de Huescar (Depresi\u00f3n de Guadix-Baza, Granada)","volume":"41","author":"Mazo","year":"1985","journal-title":"Estudios geol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3406\/quate.1997.1554","article-title":"Analyse pal\u00e9o\u00e9cologique des faunes de mammif\u00e8res et evolution des environnements dans le sud de la France au cours du Pl\u00e9istoc\u00e8ne","volume":"8","author":"Montuire","year":"1997","journal-title":"Quaternaire"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF47","series-title":"El hombre fosil de Ibeas y el Pleistoceno de la Sierra de Atapuerca, Vol. I","first-page":"135","article-title":"Los carn\u0131́voros del Pleistoceno Medio de Atapuerca","author":"Morales","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF48","unstructured":"Moull\u00e9, P.-E. 1992, Les grands mammif\u00e8res du Pl\u00e9istoc\u00e8ne inf\u00e9rieur de la grotte du Vallonnet (Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, Alpes-Maritimes). \u00c9tude pal\u00e9ontologique des Carnivores, Equid\u00e9, Suid\u00e9 et Bovid\u00e9s"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7638599","article-title":"Paleomagnetic age for hominid fossils at Atapuerca archaeological site, Spain","volume":"269","author":"Par\u00e9s","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF50","series-title":"Atapuerca y la Evoluci\u00f3n Humana","first-page":"51","article-title":"Contexto estratigr\u00e1fico y cronol\u00f3gico de Gran Dolina (Yacimiento de Atapuerca)","author":"Par\u00e9s","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF51","series-title":"Homo erectus heidelbergensis von Mauer. Kolloquium I, Vol. 20\u201322","first-page":"63","article-title":"The age and significance of the Middle Pleistocene sediments at Boxgrove, West Sussex, UK and their associated archaeology","author":"Roberts","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003598X00047001","article-title":"The earliest occupation of Europe: a short chronology","volume":"68","author":"Roebroeks","year":"1994","journal-title":"Antiquity"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF53","unstructured":"Rook, L. 1993, I Cani dell'Eurasia dal Miocene Superiore al Pleistocene Medio"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF54","first-page":"427","article-title":"The latest Villafranchian-early Galerian small dog of the Mediterranean area","volume":"39","author":"Rook","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Zool. Cracov."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-6995(06)80051-3","article-title":"Panthera leo fossilis (v. Reich., 1906) (Felidae) de Isernia La Pineta (Pl\u00e9istoc\u00e8ne moyen inf\u00e9rieur d'Italie)","volume":"2","author":"Sala","year":"1990","journal-title":"Geobios"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF56","series-title":"The Early Middle Pleistocene in Europe","first-page":"135","article-title":"Palaeoclimatic significance of mammalian faunas from Westbury Cave, Somerset, England","author":"Stringer","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1006\/qres.1997.1901","article-title":"Middle Pleistocene (Early Toringian) carnivore remains from northern Israel","volume":"48","author":"Tchernov","year":"1997","journal-title":"Quatern. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF58","first-page":"531","article-title":"Biochronology of the Pleistocene deposits at Betfia (Bihor, Romania)","volume":"39","author":"Terzea","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Zool. Cracov."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF59","first-page":"147","article-title":"Affinit\u00e0 dentali del cane della grotta di \u201cl'Escale\u201d","volume":"80","author":"Torre","year":"1974","journal-title":"Riv. Ital. Paleont."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF60","series-title":"El hombre f\u00f3sil de Ibeas y el Pleistoceno de la Sierra de Atapuerca, I","first-page":"37","article-title":"Hist\u00f3rica de la excavaci\u00f3n de Atapuerca 1976","author":"Torres","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-6380(96)00131-3","article-title":"Amino acid chronology of the Lower Pleistocene deposits of Venta Micena (Orce, Granada, Andalusia, Spain)","volume":"26","author":"Torres","year":"1997","journal-title":"Org. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF62","first-page":"153","article-title":"Villafranchian-Galerian larger carnivores of Europe: dispersions and extinctions","volume":"153","author":"Turner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Courier Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-6995(96)80005-2","article-title":"The giant hyaena, Pachycrocuta brevirostris (Mammalia, Carnivora, Hyaenidae)","volume":"29","author":"Turner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Geobios"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1017\/S0094837300011891","article-title":"Trophic diversity in past and present guilds of large predatory mammals","volume":"14","author":"Van Valkenburgh","year":"1988","journal-title":"Paleobiology"},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF65","first-page":"63","article-title":"The Lower Pleistocene mammalian fauna of Akhalkalaki (Southern Georgia, USSR)","volume":"74","author":"Vekua","year":"1986","journal-title":"Palaeont. Ital."},{"key":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325_RF66","first-page":"203","article-title":"\u00c9volution des carnivores Quaternaires en Europe Centrale dans leur contexte stratigraphique et pal\u00e9oclimatique","volume":"2\/3","author":"Wolsan","year":"1993","journal-title":"L'Anthropologie"}],"container-title":["Journal of Human Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0047248499903251?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0047248499903251?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T05:28:51Z","timestamp":1576474131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0047248499903251"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0047248499903251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jhev.1999.0325","relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-2484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0047-2484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]}}}