{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:59:27Z","timestamp":1791349167074,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]],"date-time":"1999-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":930787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Molecular Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,7]],"date-time":"2002-10-07T11:22:43Z","timestamp":1033989763000},"page":"929-941","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Direct evidence that HIV-1 tat stimulates RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain hyperphosphorylation during transcriptional elongation"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"290","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Isel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Karn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7056","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.23.7056","article-title":"Recruitment of a protein complex containing Tat and cyclin T1 to TAR governs the species specificity of HIV-1 Tat","volume":"17","author":"Bieniasz","year":"1998","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.19.4.2863","article-title":"Tat activates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcriptional elongation independent of TFIIH kinase","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.6.2728","article-title":"Specific interaction of Tat with the human but not rodent pTEFb complex mediates the species-specific Tat activation of HIV-1 transcription","volume":"96","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1993.1128","article-title":"High affinity binding of TAR RNA by the human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein requires amino acid residues flanking the basic domain and base-pairs in the RNA stem","volume":"230","author":"Churcher","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.6.2408","article-title":"The RNA element encoded by the trans-activation-responsive region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is functional when displaced downstream of the start of transcription","volume":"92","author":"Churcher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.20.2645","article-title":"The HIV trans-activator Tat binds to the CDK-activating kinase and activates the phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II","volume":"11","author":"Cujec","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6925","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.18.6925","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Tat protein binds trans-activation-responsive region (TAR) RNA in vitro","volume":"86","author":"Dingwall","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4145","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07637.x","article-title":"HIV-1 Tat protein stimulates transcription by binding to a U-rich bulge in the stem of the TAR RNA structure","volume":"9","author":"Dingwall","year":"1990","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.4.694","article-title":"Heat-shock inactivation of the TFIIH-associated kinase and change in the phosphorylation sites on the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II","volume":"25","author":"Dubois","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.4.1285","article-title":"Interactions between human cyclin T, Tat, and the transactivation response element (TAR) are disrupted by a cysteine to tyrosine substitution found in mouse cyclin T","volume":"96","author":"Fujinaga","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3512","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.22.3512","article-title":"The interaction between HIV-1 Tat and human cyclin T1 requires zinc and a critical cysteine residue that is not conserved in the murine CycT1 protein","volume":"12","author":"Garber","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.10.2836","article-title":"Purification of a Tat-associated kinase reveals a TFIIH complex that modulates HIV-1 transcription","volume":"16","author":"Garc\u0131\u0301a-Mart\u0131\u0301nez","year":"1997","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4448","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.5.4448-4453.1998","article-title":"PITALRE, the catalytic subunit of TAK, is required for human immunodeficiency virus Tat trans-activation in vivo","volume":"72","author":"Gold","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6184","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.13.6184","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 trans-activator protein Tat, stimulates transcriptional read-through of distal terminator sequences in vitro","volume":"90","author":"Graeble","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1993.1634","article-title":"Specific interaction of the human immunodeficiency virus Tat proteins with a cellular protein kinase","volume":"197","author":"Herrmann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.69.3.1612-1620.1995","article-title":"Lentivirus Tat proteins specifically associate with a cellular protein kinase, TAK, that hyperphosphorylates the carboxyl-terminal domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II","volume":"69","author":"Herrmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2663","article-title":"Cyclin T domains involved in complex formation with Tat and TAR RNA are critical for Tat-activation","volume":"288","author":"Ivanov","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.20.2593","article-title":"Taking a new TAK on Tat trans-activation","volume":"11","author":"Jones","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.6.4.655","article-title":"HIV-1 Tat acts as a processivity factor in vitro in conjunction with cellular elongation factors","volume":"6","author":"Kato","year":"1992","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.6.2505","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat is an integral component of the activated transcription-elongation complex","volume":"93","author":"Keen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5260","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.17.5260","article-title":"Transfer of Tat and release of TAR RNA during the activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 transcription elongation complex","volume":"16","author":"Keen","year":"1997","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10416","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)82216-5","article-title":"RNA polymerase II is a glycoprotein","volume":"268","author":"Kelly","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2664","article-title":"Role of the human and murine cyclin T proteins in regulating HIV-1 Tat-activation","volume":"288","author":"Kwak","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1993.1427","article-title":"HIV-1 Tat overcomes inefficient transcriptional elongation in vitro","volume":"232","author":"Laspia","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)38281-X","article-title":"Phosphorylation of RNA polymerase IIA occurs subsequent to interaction with the promoter and before the initiation of transcription","volume":"265","author":"Laybourn","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2992","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.19.2992","article-title":"The HIV-1 Tat cellular coactivator Tat-SF1 is a general transcription elongation factor","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.20.2633","article-title":"p-TEFb kinase is required for HIV Tat transcriptional activation in vivo and in vitro","volume":"11","author":"Mancebo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4189","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1991.tb04997.x","article-title":"HIV-1 Tat protein promotes formation of more-processive elongation complexes","volume":"10","author":"Marciniak","year":"1991","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.12.5.2078","article-title":"Control of formation of two distinct classes of RNA polymerase II elongation complexes","volume":"12","author":"Marshall","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27176","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.43.27176","article-title":"Control of RNA polymerase II elongation potential by a novel carboxyl-terminal domain kinase","volume":"271","author":"Marshall","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6054","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.11.6054","article-title":"Ubiquitination of RNA polymerase II large subunit signaled by phosphorylation of carboxyl-terminal domain","volume":"96","author":"Mitsui","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/370075a0","article-title":"Phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain and transcriptional elongation","volume":"370","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/384375a0","article-title":"Enhanced processivity of RNA polymerase II triggered by Tat-induced phosphorylation of its carboxy-terminal domain","volume":"384","author":"Parada","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13855","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.22.13855","article-title":"Identification of a cyclin subunit required for the function of Drosophila p-TEFb","volume":"273","author":"Peng","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7399","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.11.7399","article-title":"Tat-associated kinase (pTEF-b)","volume":"274","author":"Ping","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1995.0243","article-title":"The human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat includes a specialised initiator element which is required for Tat-responsive transcription","volume":"248","author":"Rittner","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(96)74041-7","article-title":"Immunoaffinity purification of RNA polymerase II and transcription factors using polyol-responsive monoclonal antibodies","volume":"274","author":"Thompson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7069","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)39260-9","article-title":"Purification of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II by immunoaffinity chromatography","volume":"265","author":"Thompson","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7395","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.24.7395","article-title":"Evidence that pTEFb alleviates the negative effect of DSIF on RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription in vitro","volume":"17","author":"Wada","year":"1998","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(81)90020-9","article-title":"RNA recognition by Tat-derived peptides","volume":"66","author":"Weeks","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80939-3","article-title":"A novel cdk9-associated c-type cyclin interacts directly with HIV-1 Tat and mediates its high-affinity, loop specific binding to TAR RNA","volume":"92","author":"Wei","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.5.1378","article-title":"Stimulation of Tat-associated kinase-independent transcriptional elongation from the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 long terminal repeat by a cellular enhancer","volume":"18","author":"West","year":"1999","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1996.0551","article-title":"Effect of the position of TAR on transcriptional activation by HIV-1 Tat in vivo","volume":"263","author":"Wright","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1997.1601","article-title":"Role of the human homolog of the yeast transcription factor SPT5 in HIV-1 Tat-activation","volume":"277","author":"Wu-Baer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23922","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.41.23922","article-title":"The transcriptional elongation inhibitor 5,6-dichloro-\u03b2-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole inhibits transcription factor IIH-associated protein kinase","volume":"270","author":"Yankulov","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3681","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.13.3681","article-title":"Transcription elongation factor p-TEFb mediates Tat activation of HIV-1 transcription at multiple stages","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"1998","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.20.2622","article-title":"Transcription elongation factor p-TEFb is required for HIV-1 Tat trans-activation in vitro","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genes Dev."}],"container-title":["Journal of Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022283699929339?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022283699929339?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T10:06:17Z","timestamp":1620036377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022283699929339"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022283699929339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2836"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2836","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]}}}