{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:44:40Z","timestamp":1793123080470,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]],"date-time":"1999-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":938736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Molecular Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,7]],"date-time":"2002-10-07T16:17:31Z","timestamp":1034007451000},"page":"235-254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":388,"title":["Tackling tat"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"293","author":[{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Karn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1995.0555","article-title":"The structure of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 TAR RNA reveals principles of RNA recognition by Tat protein","volume":"253","author":"Aboul-ela","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3974","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/24.20.3974","article-title":"Structure of HIV-1 TAR RNA in the absence of ligands reveals a novel configuration of the trinucleotide bulge","volume":"24","author":"Aboul-ela","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6505","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.68.10.6505-6513.1994","article-title":"Effects of human chromosome 12 on interactions between Tat and TAR of human immunodeficiency virus type 1","volume":"68","author":"Alonso","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.6.1250","article-title":"Potent and selective inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription by piperazinyloxoquinoline derivatives","volume":"41","author":"Baba","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB5","first-page":"1097","article-title":"Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication and cytokine production by fluoroquinoline derivatives","volume":"53","author":"Baba","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.66.1.139-149.1992","article-title":"Functional roles for the TATA promoter and enhancers in basal and Tat-induced expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat","volume":"66","author":"Berkhout","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90289-4","article-title":"Tat transactivates the human immunodeficiency virus through a nascent RNA target","volume":"59","author":"Berkhout","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90120-4","article-title":"TAR-independent activation of the HIV-1 LTR","volume":"62","author":"Berkhout","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7056","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.23.7056","article-title":"Recruitment of a protein complex containing Tat and cyclin T1 to TAR governs the species specificity of HIV-1 Tat","volume":"17","author":"Bieniasz","year":"1998","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7791","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.14.7791","article-title":"Recruitment of cyclin T1\/p-TEFb to an HIV type 1 long terminal repeat promoter proximal RNA target is both necessary and sufficient for full activation of transcription","volume":"96","author":"Bieniasz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90841-6","article-title":"HIV-1 Tat \u201cactivates\u201d presynthesized RNA in the nucleus","volume":"58","author":"Braddock","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1996.0879","article-title":"Solution structure of the HIV-2 TAR-argininamide complex","volume":"267","author":"Brodsky","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.11.3146","article-title":"Transcriptional activation domains stimulate initiation and elongation at different times and via different residues","volume":"17","author":"Brown","year":"1998","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.19.4.2863","article-title":"Tat activates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcriptional elongation independent of TFIIH kinase","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.6.2728","article-title":"Specific interaction of Tat with the human but not rodent pTEFb complex mediates the species-specific Tat activation of HIV-1 transcription","volume":"96","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1993.1128","article-title":"High affinity binding of TAR RNA by the human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein requires amino acid residues flanking the basic domain and base-pairs in the RNA stem","volume":"230","author":"Churcher","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.6.2408","article-title":"The RNA element encoded by the transactivation-responsive region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is functional when displaced downstream of the start of transcription","volume":"92","author":"Churcher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8985","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.22.8985","article-title":"Sequence specific interaction of Tat and Tat peptides with the TAR sequence of HIV-1 in vitro","volume":"87","author":"Cordingley","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.20.2645","article-title":"The HIV transactivator Tat binds to the CDK-activating kinase and activates the phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II","volume":"11","author":"Cujec","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90696-3","article-title":"Transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus occurs via a bimodal mechanism","volume":"46","author":"Cullen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90126-B","article-title":"Does HIV-1 Tat induce a change in viral initiation rights?","volume":"73","author":"Cullen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2640","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.69.4.2640-2643.1995","article-title":"The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat antagonist, Ro 5-3335, predominantly inhibits transcription initiation from the viral promoter","volume":"69","author":"Cupelli","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4487","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.22.4487","article-title":"Binding of Hoechst 33258 to the TAR RNA of HIV-1","volume":"25","author":"Dassonneville","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6925","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.18.6925","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Tat protein binds transactivation-responsive region (TAR) RNA in vitro","volume":"86","author":"Dingwall","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4145","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07637.x","article-title":"HIV-1 Tat protein stimulates transcription by binding to a U-rich bulge in the stem of the TAR RNA structure","volume":"9","author":"Dingwall","year":"1990","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/362359a0","article-title":"Massive covert infection of helper T lymphocytes and macrophages by HIV during the incubation period of AIDS","volume":"362","author":"Embretson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3277274","article-title":"The human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"239","author":"Fauci","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4045","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.9.4045","article-title":"The role of Tat in the human immunodeficiency virus life cycle indicates a primary effect on transcriptional elongation","volume":"88","author":"Feinberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/334165a0","article-title":"HIV-1 Tat transactivation requires the loop sequence within TAR","volume":"334","author":"Feng","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7208","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.13.7208","article-title":"Host-cell positive transcription elongation factor b kinase activity is essential and limiting for HIV type 1 replication","volume":"96","author":"Flores","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2832944","article-title":"Tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus forms a metal-linked dimer","volume":"240","author":"Frankel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.4.1285","article-title":"Interactions between human cyclin T, Tat, and the transactivation response element (TAR) are disrupted by a cysteine to tyrosine substitution found in mouse cyclin T","volume":"96","author":"Fujinaga","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3512","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.22.3512","article-title":"The interaction between HIV-1 Tat and human cyclin T1 requires zinc and a critical cysteine residue that is not conserved in the murine CycT1 protein","volume":"12","author":"Garber","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3761","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02711.x","article-title":"Interactions of cellular proteins involved in the transcriptional regulation of human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"6","author":"Garcia","year":"1987","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03437.x","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 LTR TATA and TAR region sequences required for transcriptional regulation","volume":"8","author":"Garcia","year":"1989","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.10.2836","article-title":"Purification of a Tat-associated kinase reveals a TFIIH complex that modulates HIV-1 transcription","volume":"16","author":"Garc\u0131\u0301a-Mart\u0131\u0301nez","year":"1997","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7828","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.20.7828","article-title":"Identification of cellular proteins that bind to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transactivation responsive TAR element RNA","volume":"86","author":"Gatignol","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2011739","article-title":"Characterization of a human TAR RNA-binding protein that activates the HIV-1 LTR","volume":"251","author":"Gatignol","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199204000-00001","article-title":"Cellular transcription factors involved in the regulation of HIV-1 gene expression","volume":"6","author":"Gaynor","year":"1992","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0896(99)00041-3","article-title":"Inhibition of HIV-1 Tat-TAR interaction by diphenylfuran derivatives","volume":"7","author":"Gelus","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1993.1615","article-title":"Synergism between Tat and vp16 in trans-activation of HIV-1 LTR","volume":"234","author":"Ghosh","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4448","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.5.4448-4453.1998","article-title":"PITALRE, the catalytic subunit of TAK, is required for human immunodeficiency virus Tat trans-activation in vivo","volume":"72","author":"Gold","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6184","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.13.6184","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transactivator protein Tat, stimulates transcriptional read-through of distal terminator sequences in vitro","volume":"90","author":"Graeble","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/364401a0","article-title":"Transcriptional antitermination","volume":"364","author":"Greenblatt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/339070a0","article-title":"Activation of HIV gene expression during monocyte differentiation by induction of NF-\u03baB","volume":"339","author":"Griffin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6935","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.14.6935","article-title":"Increased accomodation of nascent RNA in a product site on RNA polymerase II during arrest","volume":"93","author":"Gu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3548","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.8.3548","article-title":"Identification of an inhibitor of the Tat\/TAR RNA interaction that effectively suppresses HIV-1 replication","volume":"94","author":"Hamy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5086","DOI":"10.1021\/bi972947s","article-title":"A new class of HIV-1 Tat antagonist acting through Tat-TAR inhibition","volume":"37","author":"Hamy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7225","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.25.7225","article-title":"Trans-activation of heterologous promoters by HIV-1 Tat","volume":"19","author":"Han","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4065","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.66.7.4065-4072.1992","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat-mediated transactivation correlates with the phosphorylation of a cellular TAR RNA stem-binding factor","volume":"66","author":"Han","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4417","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07892.x","article-title":"TAR independent activation of the human immunodeficiency virus in phorbol ester stimulated T lymphocytes","volume":"9","author":"Harrich","year":"1990","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1993.1634","article-title":"Specific interaction of the human immunodeficiency virus Tat proteins with a cellular protein kinase","volume":"197","author":"Herrmann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.69.3.1612-1620.1995","article-title":"Lentivirus Tat proteins specifically associate with a cellular protein kinase, TAK, that hyperphosphorylates the carboxyl-terminal domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II","volume":"69","author":"Herrmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/24.3.501","article-title":"Viral transactivators specifically target distinct cellular protein kinases that phosphorylate the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain","volume":"24","author":"Herrmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9881","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.12.9881-9888.1998","article-title":"Tat-associated kinase, TAK, activity is regulated by distinct mechanisms in peripheral blood lymphocytes and promonocytic cell lines","volume":"72","author":"Herrmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/373123a0","article-title":"Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection","volume":"373","author":"Ho","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1763331","article-title":"Inhibitions of HIV replication in acute and chronic infections in vitro by a Tat antagonist","volume":"254","author":"Hsu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2933","article-title":"Direct evidence that HIV-1 Tat activates the Tat-associated kinase (TAK) during transcriptional elongation","volume":"290","author":"Isel","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2663","article-title":"Cyclin T domains involved in complex formation with Tat and TAR RNA are critical for Tat-activation","volume":"288","author":"Ivanov","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08223.x","article-title":"Transactivation of HIV-1 LTR-directed gene expression by Tat requires protein kinase C","volume":"9","author":"Jakobovits","year":"1990","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24940","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)74555-4","article-title":"Effects of integration and replication on transcription of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat","volume":"268","author":"Jeang","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6224","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.67.10.6224-6233.1993","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein and Sp1 transcription factor","volume":"67","author":"Jeang","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3008338","article-title":"Activation of the AIDS retrovirus promoter by the cellular transcription factor, Sp1","volume":"232","author":"Jones","year":"1986","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.2.9.1101","article-title":"Structural arrangements of transcription control domains within the 5\u2032-untranslated leader regions of the HIV-1 and HIV-2 promoters","volume":"2","author":"Jones","year":"1988","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3932","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.66.6.3932-3936.1992","article-title":"Synergistic activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter by the viral Tat protein and cellular transcription factor Sp1","volume":"66","author":"Kamine","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8510","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.19.8510","article-title":"Sp1-dependent activation of a synthetic promoter by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein","volume":"88","author":"Kamine","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6828","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.67.11.6828-6834.1993","article-title":"Activation of a heterologous promoter by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein requires Sp1 and is distinct from the mode of activation by acidic transcriptional activators","volume":"67","author":"Kamine","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/330489a0","article-title":"Anti-termination of transcription within the long terminal repeat of HIV-1 by Tat gene product","volume":"330","author":"Kao","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/367295a0","article-title":"Direct interaction of human TFIID with the HIV-1 transactivator Tat","volume":"367","author":"Kashanchi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.6.4.655","article-title":"HIV-1 Tat acts as a processivity factor in vitro in conjunction with cellular elongation factors","volume":"6","author":"Kato","year":"1992","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.6.2505","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat is an integral component of the activated transcription-elongation complex","volume":"93","author":"Keen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5260","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.17.5260","article-title":"Transfer of Tat and release of TAR RNA during the activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 transcription elongation complex","volume":"16","author":"Keen","year":"1997","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4488","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.66.7.4488-4496.1992","article-title":"Premature termination and processing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-promoted transcripts","volume":"66","author":"Kessler","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2664","article-title":"Role of the human and murine cyclin T proteins in regulating HIV-1 Tat-activation","volume":"288","author":"Kwak","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90290-0","article-title":"HIV-1 Tat protein increases transcriptional initiation and stabilizes elongation","volume":"59","author":"Laspia","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.4.12b.2397","article-title":"Synergy between HIV-1 Tat and adenovirus E1a is principally due to stabilization of transcriptional elongation","volume":"4","author":"Laspia","year":"1990","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1993.1427","article-title":"HIV-1 Tat overcomes inefficient transcriptional elongation in vitro","volume":"232","author":"Laspia","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)38281-X","article-title":"Phosphorylation of RNA polymerase IIA occurs subsequent to interaction with the promoter and before the initiation of transcription","volume":"265","author":"Laybourn","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2992","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.19.2992","article-title":"The HIV-1 Tat cellular coactivator Tat-SF1 is a general transcription elongation factor","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.11.4.1883","article-title":"An in vitro transcription analysis of early responses of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat to different transcriptional activators","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB81","first-page":"82","article-title":"Tat-regulated production of multimerized TAR RNA inhibits HIV-1 gene expression","volume":"3","author":"Lisziewicz","year":"1991","journal-title":"New Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3883","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.66.6.3883-3887.1992","article-title":"Specific NF-\u03bab subunits act in concert with tat to stimulate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription","volume":"66","author":"Liu","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.67.4.1752-1760.1993","article-title":"The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat specifies two different transcription complexes, only one of which is regulated by tat","volume":"67","author":"Lu","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.20.2633","article-title":"p-TEFb kinase is required for HIV Tat transcriptional activation in vivo and in vitro","volume":"11","author":"Mancebo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4189","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1991.tb04997.x","article-title":"HIV-1 Tat protein promotes formation of more-processive elongation complexes","volume":"10","author":"Marciniak","year":"1991","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90145-5","article-title":"HIV-1 Tat protein trans-activates transcription in vitro","volume":"63","author":"Marciniak","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3624","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.9.3624","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a HeLa nuclear protein that specifically binds to the transactivation response (TAR) element of human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"87","author":"Marciniak","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.12.5.2078","article-title":"Control of formation of two distinct classes of RNA polymerase II elongation complexes","volume":"12","author":"Marshall","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12335","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.21.12335","article-title":"Purification of p-TEFb, a transcription factor required for the transition into productive elongation","volume":"270","author":"Marshall","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27176","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.43.27176","article-title":"Control of RNA polymerase II elongation potential by a novel carboxyl-terminal domain kinase","volume":"271","author":"Marshall","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0896(97)00064-3","article-title":"Discovery of selective, small-molecule inhibitors of RNA complexes-I. The Tat protein\/TAR RNA complexes required for HIV-1 transcription","volume":"5","author":"Mei","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bioorganic Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14204","DOI":"10.1021\/bi981308u","article-title":"Inhibitors of protein-RNA complexation that target the RNA","volume":"37","author":"Mei","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.68.1.298-307.1994","article-title":"Differential role of long terminal repeat control elements for the regulation of basal and Tat-mediated transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus in stimulated and unstimulated primary human macrophages","volume":"68","author":"Moses","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90247-9","article-title":"Regulation of mRNA accumulation by a human immunodeficiency virus transactivator protein","volume":"48","author":"Muesing","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1038\/326711a0","article-title":"An inducible transcription factor activates expression of human immunodeficiency virus in T cells","volume":"326","author":"Nabel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4565","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.64.9.4565-4567.1990","article-title":"Human chromosome 12 encodes a species-specific factor which increases human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat-mediated transactivation in rodent cells","volume":"64","author":"Newstein","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/370075a0","article-title":"Phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain and transcriptional elongation","volume":"370","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11575","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.21.11575","article-title":"Transactivation by human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein requires the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerse II","volume":"93","author":"Okamoto","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5594","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.66.9.5594-5597.1992","article-title":"Contribution of the TATA motif to Tat-mediated transcriptional activation of the human immunodeficiency virus gene expression","volume":"66","author":"Olsen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80103-3","article-title":"Transcriptional pausing at +62 of the HIV-1 nascent RNA modulates formation of the TAR RNA structure","volume":"1","author":"Palangat","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/362355a0","article-title":"HIV infection is active and progressive in lymphoid tissue during the clinically latent stage of disease","volume":"362","author":"Pantaleo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/384375a0","article-title":"Enhanced processivity of RNA polymerase II triggered by Tat-induced phosphorylation of its carboxy-terminal domain","volume":"384","author":"Parada","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3688","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.13.3688","article-title":"A novel RNA-polymerase II-containing complex potentiates Tat-enhanced HIV-1 transcription","volume":"18","author":"Parada","year":"1999","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13855","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.22.13855","article-title":"Identification of a cyclin subunit required for the function of Drosophila p-TEFb","volume":"273","author":"Peng","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.5.755","article-title":"Identification of multiple cyclin subunits of human p-TEFb","volume":"12","author":"Peng","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3551","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1993.tb06029.x","article-title":"A cooperative interaction between NF-\u03bab and Sp1 is required for HIV-1 enhancer activation","volume":"12","author":"Perkins","year":"1993","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3786","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.17.7.3786","article-title":"Purification and characterisation of FBI-1, a cellular factor that binds to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 inducer of short transcripts","volume":"17","author":"Pessler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7490","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.66.12.7490-7498.1992","article-title":"The \u03baB enhancer motifs in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and simian virus 40 recognize different binding activities in human Jurkat and H9 T cells","volume":"66","author":"Phares","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7399","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.11.7399","article-title":"Tat-associated kinase (pTEF-b)","volume":"274","author":"Ping","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.13.2592","article-title":"Methylphosphonate mapping of phosphate contacts critical for RNA recognition by the human immunodeficiency virus Tat and Rev proteins","volume":"22","author":"Pritchard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)48334-2","article-title":"Diverse transcriptional functions of the multisubunit eukaryotic TFIID complex","volume":"267","author":"Pugh","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1621097","article-title":"Conformation of the TAR RNA-arginine complex by NMR spectroscopy","volume":"257","author":"Puglisi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.4.12a.2061","article-title":"The HIV-1 long terminal repeat contains an unusual element that induces the synthesis of short RNAs from various mRNA and snRNA promoters","volume":"4","author":"Ratnasabapathy","year":"1990","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1995.0243","article-title":"The human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat includes a specialised initiator element which is required for Tat-responsive transcription","volume":"248","author":"Rittner","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4350","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.65.8.4350-4358.1991","article-title":"Contribution of NF-\u03baB and Sp1 binding motifs to the replicative capacity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1","volume":"65","author":"Ross","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.66.3.1688-1694.1992","article-title":"Binding of a host cell nuclear protein to the stem region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transactivation-responsive RNA","volume":"66","author":"Rounseville","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5448","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.65.10.5448-5456.1991","article-title":"Alternative pathway for induction of human immunodeficiency virus gene expression","volume":"65","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90121-T","article-title":"Trans-activation by HIV-1 Tat via a heterologous RNA binding protein","volume":"62","author":"Selby","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.3.4.547","article-title":"Structure, sequence and position of the stem-loop in TAR determine transcriptional elongation by Tat through the HIV-1 long terminal repeat","volume":"3","author":"Selby","year":"1989","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90279-1","article-title":"HIV TAR","volume":"59","author":"Sharp","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.13.2.1251","article-title":"Characterization of the inducer of short transcripts, a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcriptional element that activates the synthesis of short RNAs","volume":"13","author":"Sheldon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.5.12b.2508","article-title":"Two distinct nuclear transcription factors recognize loop and bulge residues of the HIV-1 TAR RNA hairpin","volume":"5","author":"Sheline","year":"1991","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90176-1","article-title":"The \u201cinitiator\u201d as a transcription control element","volume":"57","author":"Smale","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2990041","article-title":"Location of the trans-acting region on the genome of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III","volume":"229","author":"Sodroski","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2981427","article-title":"Trans-acting transcriptional regulation of human T-cell leukemia virus type III long terminal repeat","volume":"227","author":"Sodroski","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.5.12b.2496","article-title":"The HIV-1 Tat protein activates transcription from an upstream DNA-binding site","volume":"5","author":"Southgate","year":"1991","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1038\/345640a0","article-title":"Activation of transcription by HIV-1 Tat protein tethered to nascent RNA through another protein","volume":"345","author":"Southgate","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90455-N","article-title":"Overexpression of TAR sequences renders cells resistant to human immunodeficiency virus replication","volume":"63","author":"Sullenger","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11809","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.24.11809","article-title":"Identification of human TFIID components and direct interaction between a 250-kDa polypeptide and the TATA box-binding protein (TFIID\u03c4)","volume":"89","author":"Takada","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/362292a0","article-title":"Where has HIV been hiding?","volume":"362","author":"Temin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.6.11.2077","article-title":"The vp16 transcription activation domain is functional when targeted to a promoter-proximal RNA sequence","volume":"6","author":"Tiley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.5.11.1946","article-title":"The mammalian TFIID protein is present in two functionally distinct complexes","volume":"5","author":"Timmers","year":"1991","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.3.3.265","article-title":"In vitro formation of short RNA polymerase II transcripts that terminate within the HIV-1 and HIV-2 promoter-proximal downstream regions","volume":"3","author":"Toohey","year":"1989","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8178153","article-title":"Drosophila TAFII150","volume":"264","author":"Verrijzer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7395","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.24.7395","article-title":"Evidence that pTEFb alleviates the negative effect of DSIF on RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription in vitro","volume":"17","author":"Wada","year":"1998","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5549","DOI":"10.1021\/bi972808a","article-title":"Binding of neomycin to the TAR element of HIV-1 RNA induces dissociation of Tat protein by an allosteric mechanism","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(81)90020-9","article-title":"RNA recognition by Tat-derived peptides","volume":"66","author":"Weeks","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2205002","article-title":"Fragments of the HIV-1 Tat protein specifically bind TAR RNA","volume":"249","author":"Weeks","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80939-3","article-title":"A novel cdk9-associated c-type cyclin interacts directly with HIV-1 Tat and mediates its high-affinity, loop specific binding to TAR RNA","volume":"92","author":"Wei","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/373117a0","article-title":"Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection","volume":"373","author":"Wei","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.5.1378","article-title":"Stimulation of Tat-associated kinase-independent transcriptional elongation from the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 long terminal repeat by a cellular enhancer","volume":"18","author":"West","year":"1999","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1177\/095632029800900504","article-title":"Broad-spectrum antiviral activity and mechanism of antiviral action of the fluorquinolone derivative K-12","volume":"9","author":"Witvrouw","year":"1998","journal-title":"Antiviral Chem. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.5.11.2128","article-title":"Tat regulates binding of the human immunodeficiency virus transactivating region RNA loop-binding protein TRP-185","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7153","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.16.7153","article-title":"Specific binding of RNA polymerase II to the human immunodeficiency virus transactivating region RNA is regulated by cellular co-factors and Tat","volume":"92","author":"Wu-Baer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1997.1601","article-title":"Role of the human homolog of the yeast transcription factor SPT5 in HIV-1 Tat-activation","volume":"277","author":"Wu-Baer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.5.2146","article-title":"A cofactor, TIP30, specifically enhances HIV-1 Tat-activated transcription","volume":"95","author":"Xiao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90058-2","article-title":"Transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II is stimulated by transactivators","volume":"77","author":"Yankulov","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15823","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)82328-6","article-title":"HIV-1 core promoter lacks a simple initiator element but contains bipartite activator at the transcription start site","volume":"268","author":"Zenzie-Gregory","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3681","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.13.3681","article-title":"Transcription elongation factor p-TEFb mediates Tat activation of HIV-1 transcription at multiple stages","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"1998","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060_BIB150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.20.2622","article-title":"Transcription elongation factor p-TEFb is required for HIV-1 Tat transactivation in vitro","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genes Dev."}],"container-title":["Journal of Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022283699930607?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022283699930607?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T07:19:40Z","timestamp":1620026380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022283699930607"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]},"references-count":150,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022283699930607"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3060","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2836"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2836","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]}}}