{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T12:37:33Z","timestamp":1778330253517,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]],"date-time":"2002-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1025481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]],"date-time":"2002-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1025481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofsurgicalresearch.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T14:57:28Z","timestamp":1033916248000},"page":"20-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Risk Factors for Conversion of Laparoscopic to Open Cholecystectomy"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Samer A.","family":"Kanaan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenric M.","family":"Murayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis T.","family":"Merriam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lillian G.","family":"Dawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay B.","family":"Prystowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert V.","family":"Rege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond J.","family":"Joehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393_RF1","first-page":"763","article-title":"The impact of prior intra-abdominal surgery on laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"60","author":"Wongworawat","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393_RF2","first-page":"696","article-title":"Risk factors in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for conversion to open cholecystectomy","volume":"179","author":"Sanabria","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393_RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00012288","article-title":"Predictive factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"21","author":"Alponat","year":"1997","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.133.2.173","article-title":"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy vs open cholecystectomy in the treatment of acute cholecystitis","volume":"133","author":"Lujan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00187880","article-title":"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"9","author":"Schrenk","year":"1995","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00193048","article-title":"Conversion of laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy","volume":"10","author":"Wiebe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199601000-00006","article-title":"Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for treatment of acute cholecystitis","volume":"223","author":"Lo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393_RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1996.01430170086016","article-title":"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis","volume":"131","author":"Koo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393_RF9","first-page":"209","article-title":"Laparoscopic approach to acute cholecystitis: A four year retrospective review","volume":"79","author":"Unger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393_RF10","first-page":"753","article-title":"Laparoscopic versus open treatment of patients with acute cholecystitis","volume":"46","author":"Koperna","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepato-Gastro."},{"key":"10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)08447-X","article-title":"Randomised trial of laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy for acute and gangrenous cholecystitis","volume":"351","author":"Kiviluoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199303000-00003","article-title":"Factors associated with successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis","volume":"217","author":"Rattner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199904000-00001","article-title":"Complications of cholecystectomy: Risks of laparoscopic approach and protective effects of operative cholangiography","volume":"229","author":"Fletcher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(05)80956-0","article-title":"Complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"165","author":"Bernard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393_RF15","first-page":"195","article-title":"Biliary injuries in the laparoscopic era","volume":"160","author":"Kerin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(94)90051-5","article-title":"Factors determining conversion to laparotomy in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"167","author":"Fried","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00843458","article-title":"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: do preoperative factors predict the need to convert to open?","volume":"8","author":"Hutchinson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00188477","article-title":"Is male gender a risk factor for conversion of laparoscopic into open cholecystectomy?","volume":"10","author":"Zisman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393_RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(99)70122-4","article-title":"Gangrenous cholecystitis: Analysis of risk factors and experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"126","author":"Merriam","year":"1999","journal-title":"Surgery"}],"container-title":["Journal of Surgical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022480402963936?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022480402963936?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T14:36:53Z","timestamp":1758379013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022480402963936"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022480402963936"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4804"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4804","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk Factors for Conversion of Laparoscopic to Open Cholecystectomy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Surgical Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jsre.2002.6393","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}