{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:44:02Z","timestamp":1790250242400,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]],"date-time":"1999-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":941414400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurobiology of Learning and Memory"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,7]],"date-time":"2002-10-07T15:06:05Z","timestamp":1034003165000},"page":"230-243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Fetal Alcohol-Exposed Rats Exhibit Differential Response to Cholinergic Drugs on a Delay-Dependent Memory Task"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Alan H.","family":"Nagahara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Handa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8498","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-21-08498.1997","article-title":"Substantia nigra D1 receptors and stimulation of striatal cholinergic interneurons by dopamine: a proposed circuit mechanism","volume":"17","author":"Abercrombie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-03-01035.1993","article-title":"Modulation of dopamine efflux in the striatum following cholinergic stimulation of the substantia nigra in intact and pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus-lesioned rats","volume":"13","author":"Blaha","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(87)90010-9","article-title":"Deficits on a spatial navigation task following prenatal exposure to ethanol","volume":"9","author":"Blanchard","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology and Teratology"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00421386","article-title":"Effect of prenatal alcohol consumption on open-field and alcohol preference in rats","volume":"46","author":"Bond","year":"1976","journal-title":"Psychopharmacolgia"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF5","first-page":"287","article-title":"Prenatal alcohol exposure and offspring hyperactivity: Effects of scopolamine and methylscopolamine","volume":"8","author":"Bond","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(88)90067-0","article-title":"Prenatal alcohol exposure and offspring hyperactivity: Effects of physostigmine and neostigmine","volume":"10","author":"Bond","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology and Teratology"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(91)90084-A","article-title":"Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure at school age. I. Physical and cognitive development","volume":"13","author":"Coles","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology and Teratology"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890070209","article-title":"The role of interactions between the cholinergic system and other neuromodulatory systems in learning and memory","volume":"7","author":"Decker","year":"1991","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490270214","article-title":"Effects of in utero ethanol exposure on the developing dopaminergic system in rats","volume":"27","author":"Druse","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Research"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(91)90117-D","article-title":"Cholinergic mechanisms in learning, memory and dementia: A review of recent evidence","volume":"14","author":"Fibiger","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trends in Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(82)90011-X","article-title":"The organization and some projections of cholinergic neurons of the mammalian forebrain","volume":"257","author":"Fibiger","year":"1982","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(94)90027-2","article-title":"Effects of acute ethanol intoxication during pregnancy on central dopaminergic system in male rats","volume":"16","author":"Fulginiti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology and Teratology"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(93)90077-2","article-title":"Scopolamine does not differentially affect Morris maze performance in adult rats exposed prenatally to alcohol","volume":"10","author":"Hannigan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19960101)364:1<113::AID-CNE10>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Influence of prenatal ethanol exposure on cholinergic development in the rat striatum","volume":"364","author":"Heaton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)63359-2","article-title":"Cholinergic innervation and receptors in the cerebellum","volume":"114","author":"Jaarsma","year":"1997","journal-title":"Progress in Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01024.x","article-title":"Specific impairments in self-regulation in children exposed to alcohol prenatally","volume":"19","author":"Kodituwakku","year":"1995","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF17","first-page":"107","article-title":"Retention of passive avoidance and T-maze escape in rats exposed to alcohol prenatally","volume":"2","author":"Lochry","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurobehavior Toxicology and Teratology"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.68041511.x","article-title":"Presynaptic nicotinic modulation of dopamine release in the three ascending pathways studied by in vivo microdialysis: Comparison of naive and chronic nicotine-treated rats","volume":"68","author":"Marshall","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(93)90502-K","article-title":"Differential effects of scopolamine and mecamylamine on working and reference memory in the rat","volume":"45","author":"Moran","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-04-02313.1994","article-title":"AMPA-induced excitotoxic lesions of the basal forebrain: A significant role for the cortical cholinergic system in attentional function","volume":"14","author":"Muir","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF21","unstructured":"Nagahara, A. H, &, Handa, R. J. Memory impairments in fetal alcohol exposed rats: Possible relationship to D1 and D2 Dopamine Binding. Submitted for publication."},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF22","article-title":"Absence of a nicotine-induced increase in locomotor activity in fetal alcohol exposed rats","volume":"24","author":"Nagahara","year":"1998","journal-title":"Society of Neuroscience Abstract"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1995.tb00997.x","article-title":"Fetal alcohol exposure alters the induction of immediate early gene mRNA in the prefrontal cortex following an alternation task","volume":"19","author":"Nagahara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1997.tb03826.x","article-title":"Fetal alcohol exposure produces delay-dependent memory deficits in juvenile and adult rats","volume":"21","author":"Nagahara","year":"1997","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF25","article-title":"Sustained attention in fetal alcohol exposed rats following systemic administration of cholinergic drugs","volume":"23","author":"Nagahara","year":"1997","journal-title":"Society of Neuroscience Abstracts"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1990.tb01223.x","article-title":"Attention deficits in children exposed to alcohol prenatally","volume":"14","author":"Nanson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(91)90189-P","article-title":"The effects of maternal ethanol exposure on neurotransmission and second messenger systems: A quantitative autoradiographic study in the rat brain","volume":"62","author":"Nio","year":"1991","journal-title":"Developmental Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1985.tb07112.x","article-title":"Dopamine, serotonin, and acid metabolites in brain regions from the developing offspring of ethanol-treated rats","volume":"44","author":"Rathburn","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1986.tb05613.x","article-title":"The effects of physostigmine on open-field behavior in rats exposed to alcohol prenatally","volume":"10","author":"Riley","year":"1986","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1990.tb01225.x","article-title":"The long-term behavioral effects of prenatal alcohol exposure in rats","volume":"14","author":"Riley","year":"1990","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(85)90083-7","article-title":"Effects of scopolamine on spontaneous alternation and shuttle avoidance in rats exposed to alcohol in utero","volume":"2","author":"Rockwood","year":"1985","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90080-7","article-title":"The effects of in utero ethanol administration on the electrophysiological activity of rat nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons","volume":"624","author":"Shen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(93)90159-D","article-title":"Alterations in neuronal development in the substantia nigra pars compacta following in utero ethanol exposure: Immunohistochemical and Golgi studies","volume":"52","author":"Shetty","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(92)90027-Y","article-title":"Regulation of the activity of striatal cholinergic neurons by dopamine","volume":"47","author":"Stoof","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(89)90026-3","article-title":"Neurobehavioral effects of prenatal alcohol. Part III. PLS analyses of neuropsychological tests","volume":"11","author":"Streissguth","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology and Teratology"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00009.x","article-title":"Drinking during pregnancy decreases word attack and arithmetic scores on standardized tests: Adolescent data from a population-based prospective study","volume":"18","author":"Streissguth","year":"1994","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1990.tb01224.x","article-title":"Moderate prenatal alcohol exposure: Effects on child IQ and learning problems at age 7 1\/2 years","volume":"14","author":"Streissguth","year":"1990","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(94)90090-6","article-title":"Prenatal alcohol and offspring development: The first fourteen years","volume":"36","author":"Streissguth","year":"1994","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Dependency"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01608.x","article-title":"Chronic prenatal ethanol exposure alters the normal ontogeny of choline acetyltransferase activity in the rat septohippocampal system","volume":"19","author":"Swanson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19960101)364:1<104::AID-CNE9>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Influence of chronic prenatal ethanol on cholinergic neurons of the septohippocampal system","volume":"364","author":"Swanson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(92)90377-R","article-title":"Effects of prepregnancy ethanol on neuromotor development, activity, and learning","volume":"41","author":"Torres","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(95)00096-8","article-title":"Spatial locations gone awry: Object and spatial memory deficits in children with fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Uecker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02098878","article-title":"Fetal alcohol syndrome: The vulnerability of the developing brain and possible mechanisms of damage","volume":"9","author":"West","year":"1994","journal-title":"Metabolism of the Brain"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90701-C","article-title":"Dopaminergic modulation of cholinergic responses in rat medial prefrontal cortex: An electrophysiological study","volume":"524","author":"Yang","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(89)90246-3","article-title":"Impaired alternation test performance in adult rats following prenatal alcohol exposure","volume":"32","author":"Zimmerberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior"}],"container-title":["Neurobiology of Learning and Memory"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1074742799939096?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1074742799939096?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T22:12:37Z","timestamp":1576620757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1074742799939096"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1074742799939096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/nlme.1999.3909","relation":{},"ISSN":["1074-7427"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1074-7427","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]}}}