{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T12:02:16Z","timestamp":1774958536611,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,1]],"date-time":"2002-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1012521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"DOI":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T19:30:44Z","timestamp":1033932644000},"page":"80-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Use of Mechanistic Data and the Handling of Scientific Uncertainty in Carcinogen Risk Assessments"],"prefix":"10.1006","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"Rud\u00e9n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(90)90195-M","article-title":"Liver tumor induction in B6C3F1 mice by dichloroacetate and trichloroacetate","volume":"63","author":"Bull","year":"1990","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(93)90131-G","article-title":"The role of dichloroacetate in the hepatocarcinogenicity of trichloroethylene","volume":"68","author":"Bull","year":"1993","journal-title":"Toxicology Lett."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF3","unstructured":"Benford, D. J., and Bridges, J. W.1986. Xenobiotic metabolism in the lung. In Progress in Drug MetabolismJ. W. Bridges and L. F. Chasseaud, Eds., Vol. 9, pp. 53\u201394. Taylor & Francis, London."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9399281","article-title":"The nephrotoxic and genotoxic N-acetyl-S-dichlorovinyl-L-cysteine is a urinary metabolite after occupational 1,1,2,-trichloroethene exposure in humans","volume":"99","author":"Birner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.69.5.508","article-title":"Causes of death among laundry and dry cleaning workers","volume":"69","author":"Blair","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.10.854","article-title":"Trichloroethylene exposure and specific somatic mutations in patients with renal cell carcinoma","volume":"91","author":"Brauch","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108s2241","article-title":"Mode of action of liver tumor induction by trichloroethylene and its metabolites, trichloroacetate and dichloroacetate","volume":"108","author":"Bull","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF8","first-page":"1319","article-title":"Perturbation of rodent hepatocyte growth control by nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens: Mechanisms and lack of relevance for human health (review)","volume":"5","author":"Chevalier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF9","unstructured":"Council of the European Economic Community, 1967, Directive 67\/548\/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging, and labelling of dangerous substances."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(78)90006-6","article-title":"Metabolism of trichloroethylene by the isolated perfused lung","volume":"43","author":"Dalbey","year":"1978","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(92)90147-A","article-title":"Hepatocarcinogenicity of chloralhydrate, 2-chloroacetaldehyde, and dichloroacetic acid in the male B6C3F1 mouse","volume":"19","author":"Daniel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Fundam. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF12","first-page":"347","article-title":"Acute renal failure due to trichloroethylene poisoning","volume":"46","author":"David","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(89)90277-9","article-title":"Species and strain sensitivity to the induction of peroxisome proliferation by chloroacetic acids","volume":"101","author":"DeAngelo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(96)03510-X","article-title":"The carcinogenicity of dichloroacetic acid in the male Fischer 344 rat","volume":"114","author":"DeAngelo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-69928-3_2","article-title":"Species differences in carcinogenicity and peroxisome proliferation due to trichloroethylene: A biochemical human hazard assessment","volume":"8","author":"Elcombe","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(85)90028-9","article-title":"Lung injury induced by trichloroethylene","volume":"34","author":"Forkert","year":"1985","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF17","first-page":"106","article-title":"Pulmonary toxicity of tri- chloroethylene in mice: Covalent binding and morphological manifestations","volume":"17","author":"Forkert","year":"1989","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(92)90136-6","article-title":"Methylene chloride\u2014An inhalation study to investigate pathological and biochemical events occurring in the lungs of mice over an exposure period of 90 days","volume":"18","author":"Foster","year":"1992","journal-title":"Fundam. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.21.243","article-title":"Inhalation carcinogenicity of trichloroethylene in mice and rats","volume":"21","author":"Fukuda","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ind. Health"},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF20","first-page":"234","article-title":"Chlorinated hydrocarbon induced peroxisomal enzyme activity in relation to species and organ carcinogenicity","volume":"89","author":"Goldsworthy","year":"1987","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Green, T.1988. A biological database for methylene chloride risk assessment. In Biologically Based Methods for Cancer Risk AssesmentC. C. Travis, Ed., NATO ASI Series 159, pp. 289\u2013300. Plenum, New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-5625-7_21"},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1006\/faat.1997.2312","article-title":"Trichloro- ethylene-induced mouse lung tumours: Studies of the mode of action and comparisons between species","volume":"37","author":"Green","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fundam. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF23","series-title":"Setting the Limit: Occupational Health Standards and the Limits of Science","author":"Hansson","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20018091094493","article-title":"Choosing priority-setting criteria for carcinogens","volume":"7","author":"Hansson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s002040050173","article-title":"Increased incidence of renal cell tumours in a cohort of cardboard workers exposed to trichloroethylene","volume":"69","author":"Henschler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(87)90325-5","article-title":"The carcinogenicity of trichloroethylene and its metabolites, trichloracetic acid and dichloracetic acid, in mouse liver","volume":"90","author":"Herren-Freund","year":"1987","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF27","series-title":"Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Some Antiviral and Antineoplastic Drugs, and Other Pharmaceutical Agents","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF28","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 1995b, Peroxisome Proliferation and Its Role in Carcinogenesis, Views and Expert Opinions of an IARC Working Group, Lyon December 7\u20139, 1994, IARC Technical Report No. 24, IARC Press, Lyon, France."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF29","series-title":"Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis in Risk Identification","first-page":"225","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/347645a0","article-title":"Activation of a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily by peroxisome proliferators","volume":"347","author":"Isseman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.71.3.305","article-title":"Female laundry and dry cleaning workers in Wisconsin: A mortality analysis","volume":"71","author":"Katz","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Pub. Health"},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(92)90333-N","article-title":"Species differences in the metabolism of trichloroethylene to the carcinogenic metabolites trichloroacetate and dichloroacetate","volume":"115","author":"Larson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(92)90332-M","article-title":"Metabolism and lipoperoxidative activity of trichloroacetate and dichloroacetate in rats and mice","volume":"115","author":"Larson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/009841099158204","article-title":"Idenitification of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione in the blood of human volunteers exposed to trichloroethylene","volume":"56","author":"Lash","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A"},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF35","first-page":"1101","article-title":"Evaluation of the mutagenicity of chloral hydrate in vitro and in vivo","volume":"41","author":"Leuschner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arzneim. Forsch. Drug Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF36","unstructured":"Maltoni, C., Lefemine, G., and Cotti, G.1986. Experimental research on trichloroethylene carcinogenesis. In Archives of Research on Industrial CarcinogenesisC. Maltoni and M. A. Mehlman, Eds., Vol. V. Bologna Institute of Oncology, Princeton Sci. Pub. Princeton, NJ."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108s2215","article-title":"Mutagenicity of trichloroethylene and its metabolites: Implications for the risk assessment of trichloroethylene","volume":"108","author":"Moore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(89)80050-7","article-title":"Urinary total protein and \u03b2-2-microglobulin in workers exposed to trichloroethylene","volume":"50","author":"Nagaya","year":"1989","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF39","series-title":"Carcinogenesis Bioassay of Trichloroethylene","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF40","series-title":"Science and Judgement in Risk Assessment","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF41","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program (NTP), 1982, Carcinogenesis Bioassay of Trichloroethylene in F344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice, NTP 81-84, National Institutes of Health Publication No. 82-1799, NTP, Research Triangle Park, NC."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF42","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program (NTP), 1990, Carcinogenesis Studies of Trichloroethylene (without Epichlorohydrin) (CAS No. 79\u201301\u20136) in F344\/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies), PB 91-111815, Technical Report 243, NTP, Research Triangle Park, NC."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(92)90042-J","article-title":"A mechanism for the development of Clara cell lesions in the mouse lung after exposure to trichloroethylene","volume":"83","author":"Odum","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(85)90137-1","article-title":"Species differences in response to trichloroethylene. I. Pharmacokinetics in rats and mice","volume":"79","author":"Prout","year":"1985","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00517951","article-title":"Subclinical effects on liver and kidney function and solvent exposure","volume":"64","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF46","unstructured":"Reddy, J. K., and Rao, M. S.1992. Peroxisome proliferation and hepatocarcinogenesis. In Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis in Risk IdentificationH. Vainio, P. N. Magee, D. B. McGregor, and A. J. McMichel, Eds., IARC Scientific Publications No. 116, pp. 225\u2013235. IARC, Lyon, France."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF47","first-page":"279","article-title":"Induction of neoplastic lesions in the livers of C57BL \u00d7 C3HF1 mice by chloral hydrate","volume":"9","author":"Rijhsinghani","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer Detect. Prev."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1482","article-title":"The use and evaluation of primary data in 29 trichloroethylene cancer risk assessments","volume":"34","author":"Rud\u00e9n","year":"2001","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(01)00525-X","article-title":"Interpretations of primary carcinogenicity data in 29 trichloroethylene risk assessments","volume":"169","author":"Rud\u00e9n","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01973312","article-title":"Trichloroethylene exposure in vapour degreasing and the urinary excretion of N-acetyl-\u03b2-D-glucosamidase","volume":"67","author":"Seld\u00e9n","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001550103","article-title":"The Clara cell: A comparative ultrastructural study in mammals","volume":"155","author":"Smith","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80010-4","article-title":"A pathological study on the toxicity of dichlorovinyl-L-cysteine","volume":"3","author":"Terracini","year":"1965","journal-title":"Food Cosmet. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/s004320050186","article-title":"Renal cell cancer correlated with occupational exposure to trichloroethylene","volume":"124","author":"Vamvakas","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.3109\/01902149109062868","article-title":"Damage and repair of mouse bronchial epithelium following acute inhalation of trichloroethylene","volume":"15","author":"Villaschi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Exp. Lung Res."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF55","first-page":"577","article-title":"Trichloroacetic acid: species differences in the stimulation of hepatic DNA synthesis","volume":"12","author":"Watson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508_RF56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/7.11.1853","article-title":"Response of experimental animals to human carcinogens: An analysis based upon the IARC Monographs Programme","volume":"7","author":"Wilbourn","year":"1986","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"}],"container-title":["Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0273230001915089?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0273230001915089?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]],"date-time":"2020-03-05T13:16:51Z","timestamp":1583414211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0273230001915089"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0273230001915089"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/rtph.2001.1508","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-2300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-2300","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]}}}